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THE 

HIEROGLYPHICS 

OF 

HORAPOLLO NILOUS 



LONDON : 
C, WHITTINGHAM, 21, TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE. 



^ THE A 

HIEROGLYPHICS 

OF 

HORAPOLLO NILOUS 

\\ 

BY 

ALEXANDER TURNER CORY 



FELLOW OF PEMBROKE COLLEGE 
OAMBHIDOE 




ft 



M DCCC XL 







PREFACE. 



For some years past an ardent spirit of enquiry 
has been awakened with regard to the interpreta- 
tion of the hieroglyphics inscribed upon the mo- 
numents of Egypt. For ages, these had been 
looked upon as the depositories to which had 
been committed the religion arts and sciences of a 
nation once pre-eminent in civilization. Attempts 
had been continually made to penetrate the dark- 
ness, but without the slightest success, till the 
great discovery of Dr. Young kindled the light, 
with which the energetic and imaginative genius 
of Champollion, and the steady industry and zeal 
of his fellow labourers and successors, have illus- 
trated almost every department of Egyptian anti- 
quity, and rendered the religion and arts, and 
manners of that country, almost as familiar to us 
as those of Greece and Rome; and revived the 
names and histories of the long-forgotten Pharaohs. 
The ill success of every previous attempt, may 
in a great measure, be attributed to the scanty 



remnants of Egyptian literature that had survived, 
and the neglect into which the sacred writings of 
Egypt had fallen, at the time when Eusebius and 
several of the fathers of the Christian church 
turned their attention to antiquity. 

The ravages of the Persians had scattered and 
degraded the priesthood of Egypt, the sole depo- 
sitories of its learning. But the fostering care of 
the Ptolemies reinstated them in splendour, and 
again established learning in its ancient seat. 
The cultivation of the sacred literature and a know- 
ledge of hieroglyphics continued through the whole 
of the Greek dynasty, although the introduction of 
alphabetic writing was tending gradually to super- 
sede them. Under the Roman dominion and upon 
the diffusion of Christianity they further declined ; 
but the names of Roman emperors are found in- 
scribed in hieroglyphic characters, down to the close 
of the second century, that of Commodus being, we 
believe, the latest that appears. During the two 
centuries that succeeded, the influence of Chris- 
tianity, and the establishment of the Platonic 
schools at Alexandria, caused them to be alto- 
gether neglected. 

At the beginning of the fifth century, Horapollo, 
a scribe of the Egyptian race, and a native of 
Phsenebythis, attempted to collect and perpetuate 



in the volume before us, the then remaining, but 
fast fading knowledge of the symbols inscribed 
upon the monuments, which attested the ancient 
grandeur of his country. This compilation was 
originally made in the Egyptian language ; but 
a translation of it into Greek by Philip has alone 
come down to us, and in a condition very far from 
satisfactory. From the internal evidence of the 
work, we should judge Philip to have lived a 
century or two later than Horapollo ; and at a 
time when every remnant of actual knowledge of 
the subject must have vanished. He moreover, ex- 
pressly professes to have embellished the second 
book, by the insertion of symbols and hierogly- 
phics, which Horapollo had omitted to introduce - T 
and appears to have extended his embellishments 
also to the first book. Nevertheless, there is no 
room to doubt but that the greater portion of the 
hieroglyphics and interpretations given in that 
book, as well as some few in the second book, 
are translated from the genuine work of Horapollo, 
so far as Philip understood it : but in all those 
portions of each chapter, which pretend to assign 
a reason why the hieroglyphics have been used to 
denote the thing signified, we think the illustra- 
tions of Philip may be detected. 

In the first stages of hieroglyphical interpreta- 



tion, this work afforded no inconsiderable light. 
But upon the whole, it has scarcely received the 
attention which it may justly claim, as the only 
ancient volume entirely devoted to the task of un- 
ravelling the mystery in which Egyptian learning 
has been involved ; and as one, which in many in- 
stances, unquestionably contains the correctjnter- 
pretations. In the present edition of the work, 
where any interpretations have been ascertained to 
be correct, the chapter has been illustrated by 
the corresponding hieroglyphic. In those cases 
where the hieroglyphic is mentioned, but an incor- 
rect interpretation assigned, engravings have been 
given of it, as well as of the hieroglyphic corres- 
ponding to such interpretation, wherever these have 
been ascertained : and they have been inserted in 
the hope that they may lead persons better ac- 
quainted with the subject to discover more accurate 
meanings than we have been able to suggest. 

Among the engravings is inserted a complete 
Pantheon of the great gods and goddesses of Egypt 
— Khem, of whom Osiris is a form, is the great 
deity corresponding to the Indian Siva, and the 
Pluto of the Greeks — Phtha, of whom Horus is 
another form, is the Indian Brahma, and Greek 
Apollo — and Kneph is the counterpart of Vishnu 
and Jupiter — Isis, of Vesta — Hathor, of Venus — 



Neith, of Minerva — and Thoth, of whom Anubis 
is another form,* is the origin of Mercury. 

In this edition, the best text that could be found 
has been adopted, and in no instance has any 
emendation been hazarded without express autho- 
rity ; and our own suggestions have throughout 
been inserted in the notes, or within parentheses. 
And at the end will be found an index of the au- 
thors and manuscripts referred to, as well as the 
celebrated passages of Porphyry and Clemens re- 
lating to Hieroglyphical interpretation. 

To Lord Prudhoe, at whose request and expense 
this work has been completed, and by whom also 
a very considerable part of the illustrations has 
been furnished, I beg to return my most sincere 
thanks. To Sir Gardner Wilkinson's published 
works I am much indebted, as well as to his assist- 
ance in the progress of the work ; also to the kind- 
ness of Messrs. Burton, Bonomi, Sharpe, and Birch, 
who have respectively supplied several additional 
illustrations. But for more convenient reference, I 
have generally cited Mr. Sharpe's vocabulary, in 
which are comprised in a condensed form almost 
all the established discoveries of his predecessors. 

The edition of Horapollo by Dr. Leemans has 

* See LP. Cory's Mythological and Chronological Inquiries. 



afforded some illustrations, and several of the 
various readings subjoined ; and it is with great 
pleasure that the reader is referred to that work 
for almost every passage contained in ancient au- 
thors which has any bearing upon the subject. 
The kindness of Mr. Bonomi, in executing designs 
for all the engravings, and of Mr. J. A. Cory, for 
the frontispiece and plates at the end, I beg with 
many thanks to acknowledge : and to Mr. I. P. 
Cory I am indebted for much assistance through- 
out the whole progress of the work, both in the 
translation and the notes, and in furnishing many 
of the illustrations and elucidations of some of the 
very obscure passages that occur throughout the 
work ; and also for the labour of correcting much 
of the press, which he undertook for me while 
unavoidably engaged in other pursuits. 

In conclusion, I beg to state, that upon myself 
must rest the responsibility of all the errors and 
deficiencies in the work, which I feel convinced 
cannot but be many; I trust, however, that they 
will in general be found comparatively unimpor- 
tant. 

Pembroke College, 1 840. 



HORAPOLLO. 



QPAnOAAQNOS NEIAQOY 
IEPOrAY$IKA 

A ESHNErKE MEN AYT02 AUTIITIAI 4QNHI, 

METE^PASE AE $IAIIIII02 EI2 THN 

EAAAAA AIAAEKTON. 



THE HIEROGLYPHICS OF 
HORAPOLLO NILOUS 

WHICH HE PUBLISHED IN THE EGYPTIAN TONGUE, 

AND WHICH PHILIP TRANSLATED INTO 

THE GREEK LANGUAGE. 



N.B. The inverted commas in the text denote the parts 
which have been already recognized in the hieroglyphics : and 
the Italics between the text and notes refer to the hiero- 
glyphical illustrations. 



HORAPOLLO. 

BIBAION IIPQTON. 
BOOK I. 

). HOW THEY DENOTE ETERNITY. 




a. IIgjV alma. crn//,alvou(Ti. 

^HcovoccryjfialvovTE^yYi^iov To denote Eternity* they 

kou <te\yivwv ygatpouai, foa depict the sun and moon, 

i to aluvia slvai cttoix^' because their elements are 

alma tf ETEgcog y^a^ai eternal. But when they would 

@quXq/j,evoi, cxpiv ^coyga- ' represent Eternity* diffe- 

i. Denotes Eternal. 

ii. Head of a God with the Basilisk upon it. The ba- 
silisk often passes over the head, and is occasionally 
found passing round it. 

in. Denotes Immortality. — Sharpe, 186, 191. 

* Eternal power ? — a definite period ? — an age ! 



Qoi/aiv, £%ovt« iyiv ougav 

U7T0 TO X017T0V (TUfMOt KpUTT- 

ro/xevvvj ov Kofcovcriv Al- 
yvTTTioi Ougauov,f o ecttiv 
'Exhyvio-r) @acriXio-Kov' X 

OVTTEg X^UHOVV 7TQ10VVTES, 

BeoT; TTEpiT&Eao-LV. alma 
^£ KEyouaiv AlyuTTTioi ha 

TOUO^E TOU £uOU 0^y]X0U(7- 
§ai'\ ETTEIOY) TglUV ysvcov 
ofiEcov kocQeutootuv T0& fAEV 
Xoi7ra,, SvriTa, imagxEi, 
rooro 5e ftovov a,9a.varov' 
b Hixi wg6<r<puoii<rav*ETEpa) 
ttcxvti £cou Vi%a #ai|| tqv 
aansTvy avaigs'i. o9ev e7Tel- 
oy) $QKE'i£aYJs xcci Savarou 

HUglEUEIVy OlOC TQVTO aUTOV 

ett) rrjg KEtpaXrit; ruv Qecov 
E7riTLQsao~iv. 



' rently, they delineate a ser- 
' pent with its tail covered by 
' the rest of its body : the 
' Egyptians call this Ouraius,f 
' which in the Greek language 
' signifies Basilisk: | And they 
' place golden figures of it 
' round the Gods. The Egyp- 
tians say that Eternity is re- 
presented by this animal ; be- 
cause of the three existing 
species of serpents, the others 
are mortal, but this alone is 
immortal ; and IT because it 
destroys any other animal by 
merely breathing upon it even 
without biting. And hence, 
inasmuch as it thus appears to 
have power over life and death, 
they place it upon the head of 
the Gods. 



t OYPO, in Coptic, signifies a king. Jab. Champ. Tat.— Morell 
suggests OvjScuoc, as a derivative from nx, Ob, a serpent. 

X The Cobra Capella. — Hasselquist is in error when he says that 
the Arabs call this serpent Haje. They call it Nasher : and Haiyeh 
or Hayyeh is a general name for a serpent. 

§ Par. A and B omit. 

* Kircher suggests, " By the hiss." — See also Sanchoniatho 
Eus. Pr. Ev. lib. i. c. 10. 

|| Aid. om. Kai. 

% Qy. insert " Power?" 



II. HOW THE UNIVERSE. 



. Hug koa/xov. 



KoVjbtov (3ou\6{aevoi ygcc- 
i^ai, b<piv Zuypa<pou<n tyiv 
lavTou EcrQiovra. ovoav, ka- 
Tiyfxsvov (poXicri Troinihaig. 
&a fxsv rcov (pohicfuv alvir- 
to/xevoi robg kv tw koct^u 
aarspocg. fitxguTtXTov tie ro 
£coov, Ktx§a,7rE$ kcu r\ yy. 

XElOTtXTOV $£, U-TTTEp l/dag. 
Htxff 'ixoUTTOV <$E EVIOCUTOV 

to yri^ag a(ps)g f octtooue- 

TCtl. K<xQ' HOU EV TW 

xoV/xw EViauaiog x$ ovo $ 



When they would represent 
the universe, they delineate a 
serpent bespeckled with va- 
riegated scales, devouring its 
own tail ; by the scales in- 
timating the stars in the uni- 
verse. The animal is also ex- 
tremely heavy, as is the earth, 
and extremely slippery, like 
the water : moreover, it every 
year puts off its old age with 
its skin, as in the universe the 
annual period effects a corres- 



i. ii. in. The three species of serpents found upon the 
monuments. 



The figures of the god Atmou sometimes exhibit instances of a 
serpent with its tail in its mouth. See PI. I. fig. 1. Perhaps the 
nearest known approximation to the text is the serpent running- 
round the lid of the sarcophagus of Harnesses III. at Cambridge, 
which rests its head upon its tail, and may indicate the Universe. 



o HO R APOLLO. 

Eva?&xywwQtovfiEvo$ f vEa- ponding change, and becomes 

£e*. to 3e a$ rqoQy xfio-- renovated. And the making 

Sou ru lavrov aafjuari, use of its own body for food 

<TY\[A(xivEij to 7ravra ocra implies, that all things what- 

eh, rrig §£ict$ TTgovolccs iv soever, that are generated by 

ru Koo-fAcp yEwaTOLi f TauTa divine providence in the world, 

TraXivuai tjjv (jLEiootnv e!$ undergo a corruption* into it 

aurov* Xa.(A@av£iv. again. 



III. HOW A YEAR. 



ft 




'EviayTov o*e @ou\6/j.evoi 
$vi?w<rotifIcriv,T0UTE<rri yu- 



liag hiauTov. 

' When they would repre- 
: sent a year, they delineate 



I. A year. 

II. Isis SoTHis,yVo/n the ceiling of the Ramesseion. 
m= The palm branch, on which Thoth measures time. 

* De Pauw proposes tic avrb, or eig avrd, which Leemans 
adopts. But it simply refers to the ancient doctrine of Generation 
and Corruption. See Arist. de Gen. et Cor. 



vaiKa ^ay^a<poucriv. tu oe 
auTUy fia) tyiv Seov cry/tai- 
vouaiv. "Icrig de Trap avToig 

EtTTlV (XiTTYip, AlyUTTTKTTi 

KaXoi/fAEVog ZcoSig, 'ExXyv- 
icrri oe 'AtTTpottucov* og na\ 

OOKeH @a0~l\EUElV TatVXQlTTM 
(XCTTSgCOV' OTE fJLEV /A£l£cOV, 

ote oe ricrcrwvtxvaTEXXcov'kcxi 

OTE /UEVXa/ATTgOTEgOg, OTE f 
Of, OUX, OUTCOg. ETt <$E xa) 

oiOTLuara tyivtoutou tou 
acrrpou avaioXrw, o-y/XEioi/- 
jxsda tte^l 7ravruv rcov h 

TOJ EViaUTU IAE"KX0VTW T£- 

Xslcr^ai.l fooTTSg ovu aXo- 
ycog tov iviaurov, "lew Xe- 
youaiv. hoi ETsgcog de ivi- 
auTov ygatpovTEg, (polvuta 
£uypa<pouo~i, o^ia to $ev- 

dgOV TOUTO (XOVOV TCOV <Z\- 

Xcov Kara tyiv avaT0\r\v 
Trig o~£\y]vr\gjtAiav @aiv ysv- 



1 Isis, i. e. a woman. By the 
' same symbol they also repre- 
' sent the goddess. Now Isis 
' is with them a star, called 
1 in Egyptian, Sothis, but in 
1 Greek Astrocyon, [the Dog- 

* star] ; which seems also to 
preside over the other stars, in- 
asmuch as it sometimes rises 
greater, and at other ti mes less ; 
sometimes brighter, and at 
other times not so ; and more- 
' over, because according to 

* the rising of this star we 
' shew all the events of the 
' ensuing year :{ therefore not 
' without reason do they call 
' the year Isis. When they 
' would represent the year 
1 otherwise, they delineate a 

' PALM TREE§ [BRANCH], be- 

cause of all others this tree 
alone at each renovation of the 



* 'Aarpofiviov, Par C. Aid. Merc. Treb. 

t kffSr' ote, Mor. Par A. 13. 

X Regulate the calendar. 

§ Qy. A palm branch, Sbarpe, 636. Clemens Alex, describing 
a procession, states that the Horoscopus carries a tyoiviKa, which 
evidently must imply a palm branch. See passage of Clemens in 
the Appendix. 



10 



HORAPOLLO. 



vav, ag h rcug dufexa moon produces one additional 
@cu<rtv* hiauTov a7rapTi- branch, so that in twelve 
£eo$ou . branches the y ear is co m pleted . 



IV. HOW A MONTH. 





7\ AW\ A © 




A /MA/\^ © 


s~^ ^ n 


>UU II <z> 

A /VWV\ <£& 




>4^nii<=> 


/SS^ ^^^ c^55^|| 
,JT, 1 ywwv 


^ II P 




y^^y ^^^^ ■»»«■ 

4- mi #£$ 



^'. Ucog (JLYlVa. 

Mriva 5s ygcupovTsg, ' To represent a month they 
(2aiv£ayga<poi/o-iv,fi(rE)i.Yi- ' delineate a palm branch, 

VUV ETTECTT^a/XfjCEVnV £1$ TO OY, the MOON INVERTED. 

t. ii. A month. 

in. The twelve months, divided into three seasons : 
Season of Vegetation. 
Thoth. Paophi. Hathor. Choiak. 

Season of Harvest. 
Toby. Mechir. Phamenoth. Pharmuthi. 

Season of Inundation. 
Pachan, Paoni. Epiphi. Mesori. 

* Aid. Par C. Merc— fideaiv, al. 



Marco, potiv /x£V y Trig ttpo- 

ElPY)(JL£VY)g km TOO <P01VIK0$ 

uhiag X<xpw' (reXrivriv $£ 

£7TECTTPafJ.fXEVYIV Eig TO K(X- 
TCO, E7TE10Y\ (paCTlV, £V T7] OCV- 
<XTOM TTEVTEHOLuHekCX. (JLOl- 

puv b7ra.^y j ov(TaVy\ TTPog 
to ocvco ToTg HEPacriv ectxv- 

pLCtTiar^Ui EV $E TYl O.7T0- 

xpovctei, tov ap&fjLov tcov 

TpiOMOVTtX r)/X£PUV 7TXr}- 

paxraaaVy Etg to holtw 
rolg KEPacn VEUEIV. 



A palm branch for the reason 
before mentioned respecting 
the palm tree ; and the moon 
inverted, because they say, 
that, in its increase, when it 
has come to fifteen degrees,* it 
appears in figure with its horns 
erect ; and in its decrease, after 
having completed the number 
of thirty days,}; it sets with its 
horns inverted. 



V. HOW THE CURRENT OR CIVIL YEAR. 

£,."f? 

£ . Hag TO EV10-T<X(AEVQV £T0$. 

"Eto£ to kvio-Ta/xEvov ' To represent the current 
ypa<povTE$y TETapTov aPH- < year, they depict [with the 
fag ypcc(pouo-iv. ectti 3e ' sign of the year?] the fourth 

i. Year as used in dates that refer to the reigns of kings 

or ages of individuals. 
ii. Year as an interval of time. — Sh. 634, 635, 

* During the first fifteen days 1 

t Aug. Mor. Par A. Merc. — [xolpai u7rapxov<n, al, 

t During the last fifteen days. 



HORAPOLLO. 



Iaetdov yr\g r\ aoovpa, ttyi- 
%wv Eftarov. (Hovho/tEVOt te 

ETOg ElTTElVy TETapTOV A£- 

yovaiv. EW£i(M) <p<x<n Kara 
■tyjv* avaroXriv rou aarpou 
rr\g HcoQEagrf ^%f ?%$ 
aXhyg dvaroXrjg, TEraorov 
rj/xspag TrpocrTiSEoSai, cog 
slvai to ETog too 9eov, tpi- 
txHocriuv EcZYiKovra ttevte 
WfAEpojv.X oQev Kixi ha 1E- 

TPaETY]PlOOg 7TEplCTCrY\VY\[A.E- 

pav agiQ/xouaiv Aiyu7nioi % 
ia yap\ TEcrerapa rsrap- 
ra YiixEoav aTraori^Ei. 



* Par A. B. om. rr\v. 



1 part of an Arura : now the 
Arura is a measure of land of 
an hundred cubits . And when 
they would express a year 
they say a quarter [add the 
quarter?] :1T for they affirm 
that in the rising of the star 
Sothis,f the fourth part of a 
day intervenes between the 
(completion of the solar year 
and the) following rising (of 
the star Sothis), because the 
year of the God [the solar 
year] consists of only 365 
days;| hence in the course of 
each tetraeterid || the Egyp- 
tians intercalate an entire day, 
for the four quarters complete 
the day. 



% Substitute a square 1 

t i. e. calculating according to Sothic time. 

X Salm. and De Pauw suggest, and Leem has ventured to insert 
in the text, kclI TtTaprov, i. e. and a quarter, which entirely destroys 
the passage. Mr. Wilkinson says, " They had two years, one in- 
tercalated, the other not : the former was calculated from the Heli- 
acal rising of the Dogstar, to that of the ensuing year, and was 
hence called the Sothic year : it had also the name of Squared year, 
from the intercalation ; and when expressed in hieroglyphics a 
square is placed instead of the globe of the solar year, which last 
was used in the dates of their tablets, that refer to the reigns of 
kings or ages of individuals." Mat. Hier. part ii. p. 134. 

§ ft. Al. 

|| The period of four Julian years. 



WHAT THEY SIGNIFY BY DELINEATING A HAWK. 




g. T/ (fahoucriv Ufaxa yga<povT£g. 

0£ov @qu\6/j,evoi <jr\im- When they would signify 

vai, yi u^og, ri TaTreivcoaiv, God, or height, or lowness, 

jj uTTEpoxw? w «'V a ? *J or excellence, or blood, or 

wW, [>j *ApEa, rj 'Ap^o- victory, (or ^4res, or Aphro- 

3iT»jv,]* lEfouca&yfaQoii- dite,) [Hor or Hathor], they 

<n. $eov /aev, 3ia to wo- delineate a hawk. Theysym- 

Xuyovov slvai to ^wov, x«) * bolize by it Goe?, because the 

TroTwxfoviov* en ye fjcriv, bird is prolific and long-lived, 

ewe) Kai done? Ei$co\ov fal- or perhaps rather because it 

ou v7rapx 2iv j Traga Travra seems to be an image of the 

to. TTSTEiva TTpog rag au- sun, being capable of looking 

rou aurTvag 6%uco7tquv' a(p more intently towards his rays 

ou na) ot largo) Trpog t'acriv than all other winged crea- 

6(p9ahfA.cov tJj hpama (So- tures : and hence physicians 

ravri xfuvrai' o§sv %a) for the cure of the eyes use 

tov Yfaiov ug Ku^iov ovra the herb hawkweed : hence 

i. Ra or Phra, the Sun, also Hor. — Sh. 110. 

ii. Hathor. 

hi. This figure is constantly found over the head of the 

Egyptian kings in the representations of their victories, 

as well as upon other occasions. 

* Aid. and Treb. omit. 



J4 HORAPOLLOo 

opao-Eug, eo$' ore hpano- also it is, that under the form 

fjtoo <pa» gooypotipoucriv. ufyos ' of a hawk, they sometimes 

5r, ewe) to, ph Erspa ^aa ' depict the sun as lord of vi- 

Eig v\og 7rETE<r§ai wpoai- sion. And they use it to de- 

DoufxEva.j wXaylcog ttepl- note height, because other 

pEgETau,a£waToi>VTaxa- birds, when they would soar 

teuSu x a $ E w m (*° V °S 3« Ur on high, move themselves from 

f>a| eI; v^og koctev^v we- side to side, being incapable 

tetou. ra7TELvcocriv $e, of ascending vertically ; but 

e7teI ra ETEga £<occ f ov the hawk alone soars di- 

Kcna. hccSetov ttpo; tovto rectly upwards. And they use 

%a>f «, mXaylcog $e nara- it as a symbol of lowness, be- 

(pkpETai' Is pat; $e narEu- cause other animals move not 

§u, em to raweivov tp'e- in a vertical line, but descend 

wETai. vTTEgoxw $e % E7TEI- obliquely ; the hawk, however, 

$yi Soke? wavruv rcov tte- stoops directly down upon 

teivw ha(pEPEiv. alpa 5e, any thing beneath it. And 

EWEitivi (pacri* toutq to they use it to denote excel- 

£aov, vtiup (my\ ttiveiv, aKKa lence, because it appears- to 

ouyux. vIxyiv 3e, kwEitiri excel all birds — and for b lood, 

Soke? tovto to fafov, wav because they say that this ani- 

wtavTTETEtvov. E7rEidavyap nial does not drink water, but 

vtto iaxvpoTEpov $uov xa~ blood — and for victory, be- 

Ta&uvao~TEvnTai } to tyivi- cause it shews itself capable of 

navTa EauTov v7TTiao-ag overcoming every winged crea- 

ev to) akpi, u$ Toug (aev ture; for when pressed by some 

ovux,a$ avTov sv tco avco more powerful bird, it directly 

Eo-xv/xaria-Bai, ia 3e turns itself in the air upon its 

+ $oKti, Mor. 



ttte^oc xa) ra oTriaSia slg 

TtX KCtTCOy TYIV jW«%)1V TOl- 

utixl outu yap to avri- 
{accxo/aevov aura) £aJov, to 
aurb TroiYicai aduvaroov, 
Eig nTTav egx ETCtl * 



SQOK I. 15 

back, and fights with its claws 
extended upwards, and its 
wings and back below ; and its 
opponent, being unable to do 
the like, is overcome. 



VII. HOW THEY INDICATE THE SOUL. 




"En ye /zvjv xa) avr) ' Moreover, the hawk is put 
•^ux^ o iepa% racrcrETai, ' for the soul, from the signifi- 
zx rrig tou ovofxarog Ipiw ' cation of its name ; for among 
VEiag. xaXshai yag waf ' the Egyptians the hawk is 
Alyu7nioigblepa%,@a'iY)9. 'called baieth : and this 
tovto 3e to' ovofxa duzige- name in decomposition signi- 
fy, -^vxw <TY]fxaivEi xa) fies soul and heart; for the 
xaftlav. eo-ti yap rb ph word bai is the soul, and 

i. The departing soul, 

ii. The hawk found sitting upon the mummy cases. 

in. The external mummy case. 



HORAPOLLO. 



jSaif, ^X^' to 5e yi9, nap- 
oVa. ri o*e natffia, xar Al- 
yvTTTioug, t^ux^ Tre^iQc- 
Xog' cogrs crn/xaivsiv ryv 
eruvQEcriv ToSovo/j,aTog y -^u- 
XW kyKaftiav. a<p ov xal 
o i£ga% ha to* TT^og tyiv 
■JsVXYiv(ru/j,7ra§Eiv f vfrug ou 

7TIVEI TO Htz9oXOUj aKh 

alfxa, a uou h ^X^ T ^~ 
(pEiau 



eth the heart ; and the heart, 
according to the Egyptians, 
is the shrine of the soul; so 
that in its composition the 
name signifies ' soul enshrined 
in heart.' Whence also the 
hawk, from its correspondence 
with the soul, never drinks 
water, but blood, by which, 
also, the soul is sustained. 



VIII. HOW ARES AND APHRODITE (HOR AND HATHOR.)f 





y\. Hug "Agsa xai 'AppoXrw. 

"Agea 5e yp oKpovrsg xa) i To denote A res and Aphro- 

A<P(jocMtviv } duo Ugaxag * dite (Hor and Athor), they 
£coyfaQoii(riv' av rov ag- ' delineate two hawks ; f of 

i. Hor or Hot us. 

ii. Athor, H athor, or Thyhor, the Egyptian Venus. 

* Aug. Par A. B. insert icai. 

t To denote Hor, they delineate a hawk ; and to denote Hathor, a 



(TEva, siKa^ovdiv "Ape'i, 
vrw tie §Yiteiccv, 'AppoSmj. 
ettei^y) ra fxh aKKot SyXu- 
koc £ua TTPog TToicnxv /xl%tv 

TU CCV$o\ QU% U7TOCK0UEI, 
HtxQaTTEO tEg<X%. TDltZKOV- 

TocKig yao Trig y}/xeooc$ @a- 
craviKoyiEvn, £7Tei$uv ava- 
XQfYiari* (pcovyQs'io-a v7ro 
rov aoaEvo$ f ttccXiv vttcc- 
hovei, $10 kou Traaav %- 
teiav ru ccvty) tteiQo/xevyjv, 
AlyvTTTiQi 'A<poo$iTWKoc- 
hoocri' Trjv $e /xri wsiQofAE- 
vyjVj ouxourco 7rooo~ayoDEu- 
oucri. $ia touto kou fala 
tov Ieoolkol avE^Ecrav 7ra- 
oairMaiaq yap ru fatco 

TOV TPICCKOVTOI CCp&fJLQV EV 
TW TrXWiaCTfACp TYIS §Y]\El- 

<z$ d7ro$ld'ooo-iv. 

TLteou; 0*£ TOV "AoEOC 

kou tyiv 'ApoodiTW yga- 

<POVTE$, $1/0 KOPUVa$ £CQ- 



which they assimilate the male 
to Ares (Hor), and the fe- 
male to Aphrodite (Hathor), 
for this reason, quod ex cse- 
teris animantibus fcemina mari 
non ad omnem congressum 
obtemperat, ut in accipitrum 
genere, in quo etsi tricies 
in die fcemina a mare com- 
primatur, ab eo digressa, si 
inclamata fuerit paret ite- 
rum. Wherefore the Egyp- 
tians call every female that is 
obedient to her husband Aph- 
rodite (Hathor), but one that 
is not obedient they do not so 
denominate. For this reason 
they have consecrated the 
hawk to the sun : for, like the 
sun, it completes the number 
thirty in its conjunctions with 
the female. 

When they would denote 
Ares and Aphrodite (Hor- 
and Athor) otherwise, they 



hawk within an enclosure, as in the figure, which is read as the 
abode of Horus. Plutarch states that Athuri signifies Horus's mun- 
dane house. 

* avax<*>p>fit<-Ga> P ;u ' C. 



18 



HORAPOLLO. 



yoottpoucriv, m avtya km depict two crows [ravens?] 
yuvaiKct. ette) touto to as a man and woman; be- 
&ov, Mo ace yswoi, <x<p cause this bird lays two eggs, 
£v ccfpsv km Syto ysvvaa-- from which a male and female 
Sou foT. sTTEiduv tie ysvvn- ought to be produced, and, 
ay, ottep o-Traviag ymreu, ([except ?] when it produces 
Mo dpo-Evina, ri Mo §yi*u two males or two females, 
hu, t« aotrmxa tag V which, however, rarely hap- 
teias yanwavra, ov p,io- pens,) the males mate with the 
yErai etepoc, xopuw, oitde females, and hold no inter- 
mv h Miteia etspo. kopco- course with any other crow, 
VYi fMExpi Savarov, aXXa neither does the female with 
fiova t«* awoZuyEina any other crow, till death; but 
h*TEte7. Ukou fjuaxo- those that are widowed pass 
their lives in solitude. And 
hence, when men meet with a 
single crow, they look upon it 
as an omen, as having met 
with a widowed creature ; andf 
XPi vvv ol "Ex\yive$ h roTg on account of the remarkable 
concord of these birds, the 
Greeks to this day in their 
marriages exclaim, ekkori 
kori korone, though unac- 
quainted with its import. 

* Par Reg. om. 

t Treb. omits the concluding sentence from £a><£* 

J Pur A. B. C. Mor. Leem. — icopuvrjv, al. 



poovyi cruvavTYicrocvTEg, oico- 
viZovtou ol avSpwTfoij ug 

XWPEUOVTl 0-UVYIVTWOTE$ 

£u>a. -fryjg <$e Toiavryg 
auruv bfxovoiag %txpiv, [m'e- 



yOt/XOig, EHHOPlj xopi P k.opoo- 
vn\ XEyoucnv ayvoouvrsg. 



IX. HOW MARRIAGE. 

TafMov tie ^Y)"houvTE<; y To denote marriage, they 

too xofuvas wahiv {coypa- again depict two crows, on 

QoSq-i, rou A£%$£vtoj %«- account of what has been 

£><v. mentioned. 



X. IJOW AN ONLY BEGOTTEN. 



i. Ylbg fjLQVoy'svug. 

Movoysvss ds (htouvTEs, * To denote an only begot- 

v) y£vE<riv, r) 7r<xTEpa 7 r) ' ten, or generation, or a yb- 

H.0Q-/J.0V, yi avtya, xavbapw ' ther, or the world, or a man, 

£ooyg<z<pou(n. /xovoysvlg * they delineate a scarab&us. 

i. Tfte Scarabtfus signifies the world : it is very commonly 
found with the circle, emblematic of the sun, in front of 



* Produced by a single parent I 



20 



HORAPOLLO. 



fxh y on ai/ToyEVEs £<rri to And they symbolise by this 
£aov, v7ro Qntelag ph kuo- an only begotten, because the 



<pogou(AEVOv. /xovyj yag ys- 



scarabseus is a creature self- 



VE<risavroS,ToiauTviE<rrlv. produced, being unconceived 
ETTEibav o apcryv QovMrca by a female ; for the propaga- 
tion of it is unique after this 
manner: — when the male is 
desirous of procreating, he 
takes dung of an ox, and 
shapes it into a spherical form 
like the world ; he then rolls it 
from the hinder parts from east 
to west, looking himself to- 
wards the east, that he may 
impart to it the figure of the 
world, (for that is borne from 
east to west, while the course 
of the stars is from west to 
east) : then, having dug a hole, 
the scarabseus deposits this 
ball in the earth for the space 
of twenty-eight days, (for in 
so many days the moon passes 
through the twelve signs of 
the zodiac). By thus remain- 
ing under the moon, the race 
of scarabsei is endued with 



TraiboTToiYKraoSai, (3oog 
ap6$EU[Atz Xa£cov, Trxda- 
ctel o-QaipoEitfegTrafaWhY)- 

CT10V TU KQ(T(A.U <T%>7/Ua* 
EH TUV 07ncr§lOOV (AEpOOV 

Hu^iaag (X7T0 dvaToXvjg Eig 
ovaiv, aurog vrpog avaTo- 
Ky\v @\£7TEi f iva aTToda to 
too Koo-fxov a%Y][Jt.a. avTog 
yap cctto too a7ryjXicoTou 

Eig Xl£a (pEpETtXl' O^E TUV 
do-TEfCOV tyopLOS, <Z7T0 Af- 

Qog Eig aTTYiXicoTW' tccvtw 
ovv tw crtpouqctv KaToquczag* 
slg yrjv KaTdTi^ETai ett\ 
hfXE^ag EiKOcriofCTco, kv b- 
o~oug koliy) cteMvyi hfAEpaigf 
toc ocoOExa £coha kvkKeueu 
b<p hvccTrofAEVQV, £uoyovE7- 
toci to tuv xavSagoov ykvog. 

TYl EVaTYj $E HOI ElK0O~TV}% 

YlfAEga dvoi^ag tyiv crtpaT- 



* \ibvov, Aid. Merc. Caus. Pier. 
t t) veXrjvtg ij/itpa, Par-C. 
| oySoy, Mor. Aug. De Pauw. 



gav, ei; uctcog QaXhEi . tolxj- 
tyiv yag ty\v y/uspav vo/xt- 
£ei avvooov Eivai osXYiVYig 

Hal YlXlQU) ETl TE KOU y£- 
VEtTlV HOP/AOU. Y\g <ZVOr/0(AE- 

VY\g kv tu v^a.Tiy £ua i|- 

EpX £rix h TOUTS (TTIV 01 HCCV- 

Sagoi. ysvEaiv ds, $ia tyiv 

TT^OEipYj/JLEVYlV aiTiaV. TTOC- 
TEpOC (fey OTl EK [XOVOU TTOt- 
TgO$ TYIV yEVEO-lV E%El 

navdapog. hoo-jj,ov $£j ettei- 

Oy) HOCTfXOEt^YJ 1Y)V ysvEiriv 
7T01EITOII. avtycC ($£, E7TE&Y) 

§y]\vhqv ykvog auTolg oh 
yiVETai. eio-\ 3e na) navda- 
fcov ideal TgsTg. TrpcoTY] jxev, 
aiXoupo/j.og<po$, na) cchti- 

VCOTYI, YIVTTE^ Ha) Y]XlU O.VE- 

§EO~av d~ia to crvixQoXov. 
<paai ya% tov appsva al'- 

"KOV^QVy 0-UfA/£ETa€aXhElV 

Tag Hogag TQig tou y\\iov 

tyo/AOig. U7T£HTElV0VTai[jt,£V 

yaq naTa tt^oh Trgog ty)v 
touSeou avaToMv' o~Tgoy- 
yv\QEi<$Eig b*E yivovTai naTa 
to (jt,EO~ov TYJg r)/xE^ag t a- 
(jt-av^OTE^ai qe (paivovTai, 

$UVEIV (JLET&QVTQgTQU Y\hlQV. 



life; and upon the nine and 
twentieth day after having 
opened the ball, it casts it into 
water, for it is aware that upon 
that day the conjunction of 
the moon and sun takes place, 
as well as the generation of the 
world. From the ball thus 
opened in the water, the ani- 
mals, that is the scarabsei, 
issue forth. The scarabeeus 
also symbolizes generation, for 
the reason before mentioned 
— and a father, because the 
scarabseus is engendered by 
a father only — and the world, 
because in its generation it is 
fashioned in the form of the 
world — and a man, because 
there is no female race among 
them. Moreover there are 
three species of scarabsei, the 
first like a cat, and irradiated, 
which species they have con- 
secrated to the sun from this 
similarity: for they say that 
the male cat changes the 
shape of the pupils of his eyes 
according to the course of 
the sun : for in the morning 



HOUAPOLLO. 



at the rising of the god, 
they are dilated, and in the 
middle of the day become 
round, and about sunset ap- 
pear less brilliant : whence, 
also, the statue of the god in 
the city of the sun is of the 
form of a cat. Every scara- 
bseus also has thirty toes, cor- 
responding with the thirty 
days duration of the month, 
during which the rising sun 
[moon ?] performs his course. 
The second species is the two 
horned and bull formed, which 
is consecrated to the moon; 
whence the children of the 
Egyptians say, that the bull 
in the heavens is the exalta- 
tion of this goddess. The third 
species is the one horned and 
Ibis formed,§ which they re- 
gard as consecrated to Hermes 
[Thoth], in like manner as the 
bird Ibis. 



* Tuiv Tpiaicovrarifi'epu)v, Par C. Aid. Merc. Caus.Pier. Leem. 
t to) ovpavoj, Aid. Merc. Caus. Pier. De Pauw. 
X Cuper. and De Pauw propose i/3i6jU,op0O£, ibis-formed; which 
is adopted in the translation above, but not inserted in the text. 



0§EV Km TO h 'Hhlov tto- 
hEi Zoavov rod Seou cclxou- 

p6fX0f>(p0V U7TCCgX £l - *X Bl 

de Trag xavQapog xou $ct%- 
ruXoug rgiaKovra, ha tyiv 
TgiaKOVTaritxEgov* rou (jly\- 
vog, kv ate; h YiXiog ava- 
reXXcoVf rov hauTou ttoieT- 
rai ty6{jt,ov. $EUTEga (Je 
ysvEex, y\ diKEpag ua\ rau- 
gQEi$Yig f YiTig Hex) tjj Xe- 
Xrivri xaSiEgouOn, a<p ou xai 
rov ovcoaviovX TOCOgOV, u^~ 
co/xa tyjs §eou rauTYig 
teyovcriv eivou ttoi^es Al- 

yUTTTlCOV. TflTYl 0% Y\ fXQ~ 

vofcspag koc) Ifo6(/.op<po$& 

YIV 'Ef/UJJ $ia<pE(>EtV EVOfM- 

aav' tta&a, Jtexi l@i$ to 

OpVEOV. 



XI. WHAT THEY IMPLY BY DEPICTING A VULTURE. 




la . TV yuTra yoa^owEi; (bihovtri. 



MriTEoa 3e yoatpovTEg, 

Yl fihE-^lV, 71 QO10V, 71 7T0Q- 

yvacriv, t) iviauiov, t) ou- 
oaviav,*' h EteYifAova, 7) 
'A§Yivav, yi "Hoav, t) doa- 
XfA&S duo, yuTsa Qayoa- 

<P0U0~1. fAYjTEpa (AEV, OCUIEl- 
^VJ appEV £V TOUT® TO) ys- 

V£i rcov £oooov ob% hnssap- 
%£<. yi dl yEV£o~ig aurav, 
yiVETai Tooiscp Toiads. 
orav ooyaiYi tsooc, crvK- 
Xti^iv 7i yu-]/, tt)v (pucriv 
lauTYig avoi^acra ^o% 
' $0DEaVaVE(A0V, utxq toutou 
OXEUETai H'ZETt YiyJioac, WEV- 



1 To denote a mother, or 
vision, or boundary, or 
foreknowledge, or a year, 
or heaven, or one that is 
compassionate, or Athena 
1 [Neith], or Hera [Sate], or 
two drachmas, they delineate 
' a vulture. They signify by 
it a mother, because in this 
race of creatures there is no 
male. Gignuntur autem hunc 
in modum. Cum amore conci- 
piendi vultur exarserit, vulvam 
ad Boream aperiens, ab eo 
velut comprimitur per dies 
quinque, during which time 



Victory. 
Treb. om. 



in. Lower Egypt. 



24 

te* iv oug, ours fipcorou 
ours 7roTou fj.Erahafj.Qa.- 
vei, Txo§oi)<Ta,* tEaio^oTzoi- 
iav. Ear i 3s kou aXXa ys- 

VYI 6gVEUV,f CC, UTxTO CCVEfJQU 

crvXKixfjLQavEi, w ra cod 
Tnpog @(ia(TLV abro fjovov, 
ovHEri os txpog gcooyoviav 
Ecrr) ^y]crijji,oc. yuTsav ds 
v^wEfJiov woioufiEvav rriv 
oyjEiav, Y] rav coav ysvscrig 
^cooyovEtrai.X fite^iv Js, 
E7T£iori rav aKKcov %acov 
a.7ravrav y ot-uw&EcrrEoov 
b%a y\ yv-^' Iv ixev dvara- 
Xn rov yiXlou ovrog, vrgog 
ovcriv fiXE'&oucra, iv o^l/cei 
oe rov §eou u'mccgxovrog, 
vrgog avaroMv, If t'xavou 
foaarYifjarog vjopiCfofASWi 
rex. Tsgog xpyew duryj(3^u- 
<r ifj.ee. opiov ds, hori tto- 
XEfxov fJEXhovrog rEXEiov- 
oSai, rov roisov bol^si, 
EV Cp% fJEXkEl o 'ftotefj.og 
yiVE(r$ou 9 "m^o fifisgav 
\isra E7T dvrov Traoayi- 



HORAPOLLO. 

ou she partakes neither of food 
nor drink, being intent upon 
procreation. There are also 
other kinds of birds which con- 
ceive by the wind, but their 
eggs are of use only for food, 
and not for procreation ; but 
the eggs of the vultures that 
are impregnated by the wind 
possess a vital principle. The 
vulture is used also as a symbol 
of vision, because it sees more 
keenly than all other crea- 
tures; and by looking to- 
wards the west when the sun 
is in the east, and towards the 
east when the god is in the 
west, it procures its necessary 
food from afar. And it signi- 
fies a boundary [landmark ?] 
because, when a battle is to 
be fought, it points out the 
spot on which it will take 
place, by betaking itself thi- 
ther seven days beforehand : — 
and foreknowledge, both from 
the circumstance last men- 



Tioiovaa, Aid. Par C. Merc. \ yv7rwv, Aid. Merc. 

Treb. omits from yviriov, — also from iv $, to Trapayivofisv)]. 



vofXEVYi. Tvpoyvucriv be y bia 

T£ TO, TZOOElfYlfAEVOt, HOtl 

or i* is pot; roug tsXEtovotg 

O-q>a£0fAEV0V$ HOt) flTTO)- 
fjLSVOUgf @XE7T£l, TCLfJUEUC- 
(JLEVY\ TYjV EaUTYig EH TUV 
TTTCOfMXTCOV TO0<pY)V' TTOtp 

o kou ol apxouoi ^otcriXsTg, 
KartxaH07Toug E7T£f/,7rov 

CTHETTTOfXEVOl HOtTOt VToToV 
TOU ^OXE/UOU Oil JUTTEg 

(3xe7T0Uo-i ftEpog, evteoSev 

0~Y\[A£iOV[AEVOl TOVg YITTOfAE- 

vovg. § hiauTOv fos, foa to 

EV TOUTU) TU £&)&) TPIOLKO- 

a~iag e£yikovtoc 7Tsvte r}/j,£- 
%ag tqu ETQvg foaiPEia- 
$ai, ev oug b kviauaiog ek- 
teXeTtoci x?° V0 S- £#«tov 
yao e'Uoo-iv Yijuspotg eyxvog 
fjtEVEiy nai rotg iaag Tovg 
VEoaaoug eht^eQei. roug tie 
tei7rou<rotig Inotrov eiho- 

<ri,\ TYjV EOtUTYJg ETTlfXE- 
XEICIV 7TQLE'iTOtly fJYlTE HUQ- 



* tioned, and because it looks 

* towards that army which is 

* about to have the greater 
' number killed, and be defeat- 
' ed, reckoning on its food from 
their slain : and on this ac- 
count the ancient kings were 
accustomed to send forth ob- 
servers to ascertain towards 
which part of the battle the 
vultures were looking, to be 
thereby apprized which army 
was to be overcome. And it 
symbolizes a year, because the 
365 days of the year, in which 
the annual period is com- 
pleted, are exactly apportion- 
ed by the habits of this crea- 
ture ; for it remains pregnant 
120 days, and during an equal 
number it brings up its young, 
and during the remaining 120 
it gives its attention to itself, 
neither conceiving nor bring- 
ing up its young, but pre- 



* 7] rrjg 7rpoeipT]fiavrjg alrlag x^9 lv V ° ri irvKTi^a 

yivo/xtrrj, ?/ iv dypq., Par A. — i\ roig irpotiprjiievoiQ x^P lv 

7Ti 7rvKrida yiyvofievr], i] Iv dypq., Par B. 

t r'jirTOfiivovg, Merc. Aid. § Treb. am. from IvrevOtv. 

| Aid. om. tifcoffi. 

C 5 



26 



HORAPOLLO, 



(po^ovtra, (wts rgEtpoucra, 
7rapa<mEua£oucr<x d's lav- 
tyiv slg et'eoolv a-uXkn-^iv' 
Tag oe \omag ttevte too 
sroug Yj/jbEfaSf ®9 %$yi Wf o- 

E17T0V, Eig TYjV TOU aVEfXOV 

q%eIo<,v Karavahio-KEi. I- 
'KEY)[jt.ova ds, oTTEg doxsT 
Trapd tio-iv Evavlloolalov 



vayK<xcr§Yio~av <fe touto 
ypa-^ai, etteio^y) ev roug 
ekoctov Eixocri* ri/xsgaig, 
iv alg t« saurrig ekt^ei 

TEHVa, ETTi TTKeToV OU 7TE- 
TETOU, TTEp) Sfi TOUg VEOCT- 

croug kcu rr)v toutuv Tpo- 
<pW acrxoXE'iTaL kv oug 



paring itself for another con- 
ception ;f and the remaining 
five days of the year, as I have 
said before, it devotes to ano- 
ther impregnation by the wind. 
It symbolises also a compas- 
sionate person, which appears 
to some to be the furthest 
from its nature, inasmuch as 
vTrapx^v, stte) touto to it is a creature that preys upon 
(aov txavTa avaipsT. h- all things ; but they were in- 
duced to use it as a symbol 
for this, because in the 120 
days, during which it brings 
up its offspring, it flies to no 
great distance, but is solely 
engaged about its young and 
their sustenance ; and if dur- 
ing this period it should be 
aTTOfrio-acra rpoptig, h without food to give its young, 
tzaoao-xwoa ToTg vmloig, it opens its own thigh, and 
tov lavTYig im(ov avare- suffers its offspring to partake 
ixovaa, Tra^xei roTg tek- of the blood, that they may 
voig tou cc'lfxcxTog /xetcc- not perish from want of nourish- 
XapfiavEiv, cog ph avogn- ment '•— and Athena [Neith], 
a-avra T^oQyg avouq&n- and Hera [Sate], because 

* Aid. om. eiKOffi. 

t This division appears to intimate the three seasons of the 
Egyptian year,— four months of Vegetation, four months of Harvest, 
and four of the Inundation, and the five epagomenas consecrated as J 
the birthdays of the gods. 



27 



vai. 'Afavciv tie kcx\ "H- ' among the Egyptians Athena 

pcxv, £7T£$y\ Soke? map ' [Neith] is regarded as presid- 

AlyuTTTioig, 'AQyva fxb ' ing over the upper hemisphere, 

to cxvco rov ovpcxvou r)/uuo-- ' and Hera [>Sa£e] over the 

(pcxiPiov aTTEihYiQevat* to lower ; whence also they think 

ds Htxrco, "Hpa. o§ev hoc) it absurd to designate the hea- 

<xto7tov hyouvTcxi cxpctevi- ven in the masculine, rov ovpa- 

Hcog dyXouv tov oOpocvqv, vov, but represent it in the fe- 

BriXuKajg [x'ev toi tyiv oh- minine, rrjv ovpavov, inasmuch 

pavov.* Vion xa) y\ ykvE- as the generation of the sun 

aig r\/\lou hoc) GEMvAg kou and moon and the rest of the 

tcjv XQi7ruv ccotepuv, kv stars, is perfected in it, which 

ccutu aTTOTEteTTou, 07TEO is the peculiar property of a 

eo-ti SriXEiag Ipyov. xai female. And the race of vul- 

to tuv yi/7rcov 0% ug tzpo- tures, as I said before, is a 

EiWov, ysvog, Syteicov eo-ti race of females alone, and on 

ysvog /j.6vov.j- ti r)v ahlav this account the Egyptians 

xcu ttccvt) QyXuxu frViu over any female hieroglyph 

ol Alyv'srTioi yuTscc cog place the vulture as a mark of 

pcxolteiov sttitiQecxo-iv, royalty [maternity?]. And 

1 a<p ol hoc) vraocxv §euv, hence, not to prolong my dis- 

hcx fAYi vrsp) luaoTYig ypa- course by mentioning each in- 

<puv, pwuvco tov Xoyov, . . ' dividually, when the Egypti- 

AlyimTioi, [a.yitepcx ' ans would designate any god- 

olv\ Q&ovTEg o-YifjLwai, ' dess who is a mother, they 

yu7rct guypapouo-t' priTyp ' delineate a vulture, for it is 

ycxp eo-ti QnTwKou Zooou. the mother of a female progeny. 

ovpcxvicxv 3e, ov ycxp cxp'eo-- And they denote by it (ovpa- 



* Aid. Treb. Caus. om. from S^Xu/cwg. 
J De Pauw. sugg. ovaav. 



t (xovmv, Par A. 



28 



HORAPOLLO. 



H£i aiflois tov oupavov A£- 
yeiv, xaOoo; TrposiTrov' 
e7te) Tourcov h yEVE<rig 
ehsWev sari* tyaxfAas to 



viav) heaven, (for it does not 
suit them to say tov ohpavbv, 
as I said before,) because its 
generation is from thence [by 
too, hori Trap AlyuTrriotg the wind] :— and two drach- 
/xovag eo-tiv at too o*pax~ mas > because among the Egyp- 
fjLat'f povag le, TravTog tians the unit [of money] is 
d§i$/Mu yEvso-ig. Euboyag the two drachmas,t and the 
olv too tyaxpas @ou\o- unit is the origin of every num- 
fj.Evoi fa*u<rai, yoTra y<>d- ber, thereforewhen they would 
(povo-iv, ette) (a,yitv§ Soke? denote two drachmas, they 
KaiyEVEo-ig eIvoci, na§*- with good reason depict a vul- 
ture, inasmuch as like unity it 
seems to be mother and gene- 
ration. 



7TEf fCCCl Y\ [Aovag. 




Netpe, as the upper hemisphere, 
lower, or earth. 



r heaven ; Isi$, as the 



* Treb. om. from ovpaviav. 

t Par A. Treb. Leem. — ypafifiai al. — Leemans observes that the 
Alexandrine Interpreters of the Old Testament always reckon the 
money by the didrachma, as in xxx. Ex. 13, for the drachma they 
use the half of a didrachma, to Y)\ligv tov ^iZoa-^\Lov. 



29 



XII. HOW THEY DENOTE HEPIIiESTUS [PHTHAH.] 




<|3'. Tlcog "Hipaio-Tov ypa<poucri. 
"HQcckttov tie yoa<pov- ' To denote Hephcestus 

' [Phthah], they delineate a 
1 scarab^us and a vulture, 
' and to denote Athena 
[Neith],* a vulture and a 
SCARAB.EUS; for to them the 



rsg, xavSapov xai yvira 
ZuypaQoucriv* 'ASyvccv 5e, 
yu7ra. xa\ xavSapov. doxEi 
yap ai/roTg 6 xocrfxog cruv- 



Ecrravai ex te aptTEVixou 
xai SnXvxou .+ km 3e Trig world appears to consist both 
'ASyvasX tjjv yuna ypa- of male and female, (for Athe- 
(poucriv. ouroi yap [xovoi na [Neith] however they also 
Seuv Trap auroig, apcrEvo- depict a vulture) and, ac- 
6*itet$ imapxouo-i. cording to them, these are the 

only Gods who are both male 

and female. || 

i. Neith, Athena, or Minerva. 

ii. Phthah Tore, the deformed pigmy God of Memphis, 
has a scarabceus on his head, and sometimes stands upon 
a crocodile. in. Phthah Socari. 

* To denote Phthah, they delineate a scarab^us ; and a vul- 
ture, to denote Keith? 

t v7rdpxovroQ icdvSapov ypd<bovcnv, Par A. B. 

\ De Pauw suggests the insertion oirov KavOapov, icai E7ri tov 
'H^aiorou. 

|| See c. 10 and 11. 



30 I10RAPOLLO. 



XIII. WHAT THEY INTIMATE WHEN THEY 
DEPICT A STAR. 




ty . Ti a,<TT£%tx yga<povTE<; ^Xodcri. 

®eqv ds iyxoo-fjuov* <ty\- When they would symbolise 

fxalvovTEt;, Pi slfxa^ixEVY\v f the Mundane God, or fate, or 

t) tov ttevte agiQ/uov, ceo— the number 5, they depict a 

TEgoc ^aygatpoucri. §eqv star. And they use it to de- 

Ijlev, E7rEi^r\ tsoovoio, §eou ', note God, because the provi- 

tyiv vUnv rR^ocnacro-Ei* y dence of God maintains the 

tuv cco-tepcov Ktxi tov tt<xv- order by which the motion of 

to$ Koa-fxou kivyio-i; ekte- the stars and the whole uni- 

tenou. g^ohe'i ya% ai/roTg verse is subjected to his go- 

$/%« hov ) fxY^\vo'Ko)<;crvv~ vernment, for it appears to 

Ecrravai. Ei/xap/j,Evr)v $£, them that without a god no- 

ette\ kou ccvtyi If adT^mq thing whatsoever could en- 

oiHovo/xiug cruvlcnaTou, dure. And they symbolise by 

tov til ttevte ccgi9/A.ov, e- it fate, because even this is 

TTEib^ri 7rXY)8ou$ ovtos ev ov- regulated by the dispositions 

i. A figure denoting Prayer or Glorifying. 

ii. The number 5. 

in. From the architraves of the Eamesseion. 

* Treb. om. kyKoafxiov and rr\v viicnv Trpoardaat y. 



BOOK I. 31 

qotvy, ttevte (juovoi If ecu- of the stars : — and also the 
tcov xivoufiEvot,* rrjv too number 5, because, though 
Hoa-fxou oIhovo/aiccv ekte- there are multitudes of stars 
xoua-i. in the heavens, five of them 

only by their motion perfect 
the natural order of the world. 



WHAT THEY DENOTE WHEN THEY POU11TRAY 
A CYNOCEPHALUS. 





i£\ Tl KuvoxEtpahov ygatpovTEg $y\\qu<ti. 

HsXyivw Te ygatpovTtg, To denote the moon, or the 

Yi olxoufAEvriv, y) ypa/u,/xa- habitable world, or letters, or 

t«, ri iE()Ea,f yi dgyriv, y] a priest, or anger, or swim- 

KoXufxQov, xuvoKsipaXov ming, they pourtray a cyno- 

Zcoygccpoucri. <teMvy\v ph, cephalus. And they symbo- 

E7r£i$Y}To£ci)ovTouTOj<ru(jt,- ' lise the moon by it, because 

TrccQsiav Tiva w^oc, ty\v the animal has a kind of sym- 

rou Seoo a-vvo^ov ekiy\<to.- pathy with it at its conjunc- 

l. Ioh or Pooh, the Moon, a form of Thoth. 
ii. A common symbol of Thoth. 

* viKovfievoi, Aid. t Treb. om. 



HORAPOLLO. 



to. orxv yap b tZ fxs^Ei tion with the god. For at 

Trig ugag* r) creXmn crovo- the exact instant of the con- 

$Eoooaa. njJa apcoTio-Tog junction of the moon with the 

ysvyTtzi, tote b fxkv apo~riv sun, when the moon becomes 

xvvoKs(pixXog oo fixsTTEi, unillumined, then the male 

obds IoS/ei" a-x^Eao-i d£ Cynocephalus neither sees, nor 

Eig Tr)v yyv vEVEVHcog, xa- eats, but is bowed down to the 

8a,7TEg vtevQuv tyiv Trig as- earth with grief, as if lament- 

Xrivyg a^7ruynv. r) $e Sij- ing the ravishment of the 

teia, fxETcc too fxy) bociv, moon : and the female also, 

xai TaoTa. TuapoEVi isacr- in addition to its being unable 

%£jy, eti 51 xoa eh. Trig to see, and being afflicted in 

idiot; (po<T£cog at/xao-crETat. the same manner as the male, 

foo xai i*ex%i too vov kv exgenitalibussanguinememit- 

To7g h^olg T%s<povTai xo- tit : hence even to this day 

voKEtpcCtoi, 07rag if aoTuv cynocephali are brought up in 

yivoo<rwTai to faioo km the temples, in order that from 

o-EXwng (AEgog Trig aovodoo. them maybe ascertained the 

clHoofXEvrw b%, E7TEi$r) !£- exact instant of the conjunc- 

$o/AYixovTa $6o x&Wj Tag tion of the sun and moon. 

a^xalag <paa\ Trig olxoo- And they symbolise by it the 

IMEVYig eIvcu. TooToog 1% habitable world, because they 

TfE<po/j,£voog h Toig hgoTg hold that there are seventy- 

xa) E7riiAE-KEicx,g Toyx&- tw0 primitive countries of the 

vovTag, oo, xa9a7TEg toc world ; and because these ani- 

Xoara £coa b r)/xs^a (xia mals, when brought up in the 

teXeotiXjOotuxou TooToog. temples, and attended with 

freb. om. tv np fjiepsi rrjg wpag. 



I aXXa f*£$og aurojv naQ 

. EHaCTTY)V y/ULEfOCV VEKgOU/XE- 
t VOV* V7T0 TCOV lEgEOOV §a7T- 
j TEa^Cll, TOO K017T0V CTCO- 

< //.arog h to) Kara <puaiv 
i ovTog. sag $' av at eG$o- 

< //.wovra na) duo TTMqco- 
. Qaa-iv r}/A£f>at, tote oXog 
i aTroQvYicrKEi. y^aixfxara 
( $e, eVejSa icrT/ avyy svEia 

< KVVQKEtpaXM AlyilTTTia f 

I ETTia-rafXEVcov ypafjcpara, 
( 9ra^' o e/j /efov eVej&zv 

. TTpCOTa X0fM<TSy HUV0HE- 

tpaXog, SeXtov avru na- 
gaTiSycriv b 'lEgEug, na) 
(Txoiviov, na) [XEXav' ttei- 
pa£cov si eh rrig ETricrra- 
(MEVYig ecxt) cruyyEVEiag 
y^a/xfjtara, na) eI y$a- 
[ Qei.X eti $E na) TO ^aov 

E7TI 'E^JJ EV£[AYlQr\ TU 
7TO.VTC0V f^ETEXOVTL yga/J.- 

//.arav. ts^sa $e, on tyv- 
GEi o HuvoKEtpaXog txQuv 
ovh sadist, aXX ouo^e /%$y- 



care, do not die like other 
creatures at once in the same 
day, but a portion of them 
dying daily is buried by the 
priests, while the rest of the 
body remains in its natural 
state, and so on till seventy- 
two days are completed, by 
which time it is all dead. They 
' also symbolise letters by it ; 
' because there is an Egyptian 
race of cynocephali that is ac- 
quainted with letters ; where- 
fore, when a cynocephalus is 
first brought into a temple, 
the priest places before him a 
tablet, and a reed, and ink, to 
ascertain whether it be of the 
tribe that is acquainted with 
letters, and whether it writes. 
' The animal is moreover con- 
1 secrated to Hermes [Thoth],, 
' the patron of all letters. And 
1 they denote by it a priest,\[ 
because by nature the cynoce- 
phalus does not eat fish, nor 



* Aid. reads vtaSovfievov. 

t AiyvirrioiQ, Aid. Merc. Par C. Leem. 

% tyypcHpti, Par C. Aid. Merc. Pier. 



Sacred scribe. 



** HORAPOLLO. 

co/aevov aprov,* naSaixEp even any food that is fishy, 

na) ol is^Eig [Euros'] • yw- like the priests. And it is born 

varai rETTE^iTETixyijxEvog, circumcised, which circumci- 

m na) ol hfEi$ e7tityi$eu- sion the priests also adopt. 

oven 7r£gtT0/j,r}v.-f dfyw 51, And they denote by it anger, 

etteittep to £uov touto because this animal is both 

Tragara a\xa§u/xiKcora- exceedingly passiondte and 

rov te na) SpyiXov una?- choleric beyond others:— dnd 

%ei. hoXuixQov 1%, o^iori to swimming, becduse other dni- 

fih aKha £ooa Ho^v^Qa nidls by swimming! appear 

Xpco/j,Eva, pvTra^a cpaivE- dirty, but this alone swims to 

rat, [xovov 5e rouro, sis whatever spot it intends to 

ov tottqv TTgoygYiTai wo- redch, dnd is in no respect 

f'svQnvcu, xotofi&a, nara affected with dirt. 
(AYtOEVTupuTTw itaqatpEpo- 

(A.EVOV.% 



* Aug. Par A. B. C. Leem. — dpyov, al. 

t Treb. om. from en 8 a /ecu. 

$ De Pauw suggests — 'pip Trapa^iperai, \idvov Zt tovto, eig 
ov tottov 7rpoyprjraL TroptvSijvai, Ko\vp,j3d Kara p,rjdkv Tip 'pip 
7rapa(pep6p,evov. — are borne down by tbe stream, but this alone 
swims to the spot it intends to reach without being carried down by 
the stream. The passage is very obscure. 



35 



XV. HOW THEY r DENOTE THE RENOVATION 
OF THE MOON. 




ie. Hag ygcctpoucri crEMvwg avuToMv. 



l£,sknvY\$ o*e avaro^hv 
yqatptiv fioux6{AEVOi,7rahiv 
KuvoHE(paXov £coyga(poucri, 
<r%Y\yuxi:i toiu$£' so"vmoc 
itai rag XEi^txc, Eig ouqa- 
vov E7T<xi^ovTa } (3a.<ritei6v 

T£ E7Ti TYig KE^OLMg £%0V- 

ra. tovto y^atyovai to 
ax^ixoc km Trig avaToXrig, 
b HuvoHEcpa'Kog ttoieTtcci, 

COg E17TEIV TTfKHTEUXOfAEVOg 

ry Sew* eke^y) a/xtpoTE- 
(>oi (pcorog {AETELhYltpaai. 



When they would denote 
the renovation of the moon, 
they again pourtray a cyno- 
cephalus in this posture, 
standing upright, and raising 
its hands to heaven, with a 
diadem upon its head ; and 
for the renovation they depict 
this posture, into which the 
cynocephalus throws itself, as 
congratulating the goddess, if 
we may so express it, in that 
they have both recovered 
light. 



From the temyle of Edjbu.—Sh. E. I. 46. 6. Vocab. 
959. 



HORAPOLLO. 



XVI. HOW THE TWO EQUINOXES. 




it . IIwj icrnuEglag $uo. 

'lovifAEglas 3w»* TraXiv Again, to signify the two 

o-yiiaclivovte$, KuvoHEipaXov Equinoxes they depict a sit- 

xaSnfAEVQV fyypatpouo-i ting cynocephalus, for at the 

£uov. ev raTg oWj yag two equinoxes of the year it 

io-YifAEglaig rou evkxvtqu, makes water twelve times in 

cfco$EKccKis Trig b/AEpag natf the day, once in each hour, 

EKaajw oogav ougsT. ro $e and it does the same also dur- 

avTO kou raTg duo) vuQ. ing the two nights; wherefore 

ttoiei. hoTTEg ovk a.'hoyug not without reason do the 

kv roig utyohoyloig auruv Egyptians sculpture a sitting 

AiyvTTTioi KuvoxspaXov Cynocephalus on their Hydro- 

i. The Cynocephalus upon the N Hornet er, from the ceiling 
of the Ramesseion, where it occupies the central posi- 
tion between the last and first months of the year. 

II. A water-clock in the Museum atLeyden. — Leemans. 

* Si, Aid. Merc. Pier. 



37 



naOnim-Evov yhvQoutTiv. sk 
os rou (Aoqiov ouitov * udag 
smppsov TToioiiaiv' sttsi 

OJCTTS^ TT^OSITTOV, rag TYjg 

icTYifAsglag dcotisKa 01}f*ai- 
vsi u^ag. ha $s (Mi su^vrs- 

pov to [udcog f] xa- 

Ta.o-HEva,o~fA<x [t«] UTTag- 
yy\. ol ov to uo^o)^ tig 
to copoXoyiov a^OH^ivsrai, 
f/.vj os TraXiv crrsvurs^oVf 
afxtpoTspuv yap x^' ia - ro 
/j.ev yag svpvrspovy rax^i 
EKtpsgovTO uoug, ob% uyicog 
tvjv ava/j.ST^y]o-iv Trig oofag 

O.'KQTS'hSl' TO Ts CTT£VWT£- 

pov, uar oXiyov kcu (3ga- 
osaga7roXuov rov K^ouvov y % 
sag Trig ougag rpix a °^~ 
gavTsg^ Trfog to raurrig 
Traxog, crio^^ov Ttaraa- 
Ksua^ovo-i Trfog Tr\v tt^o- 
HSijxsvY\v %pe/av. rouro $e 



logia (or waterlocks) ; and 
they cause the water to run 
from its member, because, as 
I said before, the animal thus 
indicates the twelve hours of 
the equinox. And lest the 
contrivance, by which the wa- 
ter is discharged into the Ho- 
rologium, should be too wide, 
or on the other hand too nar- 
row, (for against both these 
caution must be taken, for the 
one that is too wide, by dis- 
charging the water quickly, 
does not accurately fulfil the 
measurement of the hour, nei- 
ther the one that is too nar- 
row, since it lets forth the 
water little by little, and too 
slowly,) they perforate an aper- 
ture to the extremity of the 
member, and according to its 
thickness insert in it an iron 



* Par A. B. C.—avrq), Haesch. De Pauw. 

t Mor. inserts fiojid in the lacuna — vSu>p fiofxci, rov tcaraOKSv- 
affjuarog, Aug. Par. A. B. The translation above corresponds 
with the translation of Treb., and the suggestions of Merc, which 
are adopted in the text by Leemans. 

$ Treb. om. from to fitv yap. 

$ dicuppavrtq, Aid. Merc. — SidpavTtg, Par C. 



38 



H0RAP0LL0. 



auTo7$ cc^ectxei ttoieHv ovx tube adapted to the circum- 
dvEuXoyou Tivbs 9 u$ km* stances required. And this 
oude ett) rav aXKm' xai they are pleased to do, not 



ort ev raig icrYifXEpicxig, 
ftovog tcov alhXm %ucov $co- 
$£xaxig Trig Vf^E^ag xg<z£si 
xatf kxacTTW u%av. 



without sufficient reason, more 
than in other cases. They also 
use this symbol, because it is 
the only animal that at the 
equinoxes utters its cries twelve 
times in the day, once in each 
hour. 



XVII. HOW THEY DENOTE INTREPIDITY. 







®u/j.bv (& @ou>.6(ji.evol When they would denote 

dyXacrai, Keovtoc £ooyg<x- intrepidity, they depict a 

tpoucri. HEpaXriv yag e%ei lion, for he has a great head, 

(AEyahviv to £aov xa) rag and fiery eyeballs, and a round 

i. The Lion signifying Lord. — Sh. 770. 
II. Lions supporting the sun in his resting place; from 
Thebes about the beginning of tiie \8th dynasty. 

* Al. om. &)(,' — Al. om. icai. 



fAEV H0PO.C, 7TUPufetS, TO 

oe 7rgoaco7rov } aTPoyyuXov, 

KUl 7TEPI OtUTO a,KTlVO£l$£lt; 

wpxas, Kara, fjupYHriv 
yhiou. bSsv Hoa uttq tqv 
Spovov tou "Qpou, KsovTag 
uTTOTiSsaat, dsixvuvreg to 
TTpog TQV Beov tou guou 
(rv^Qo'Kov. y\hioq tie b "£lpog 

a.7TQ TOO* TUV UP UV HP Ctr 

rsTv.-f 



face, and about it hairs like 
rays in resemblance of the 
sun ; and hence it is, that they 
place lions under the throne 
of Horus, intimating the con- 
nexion of the animal with the 
god. And the sun is called 
Horus from presiding over the 
Hours. 



HOW THEY DENOTE STRENGTH. 




tY). Uou$ oOJinv ypa(povaiv. 

'A>xy\v $k ypdpovTESf To denote strength, they 

Xeovrog t« E/j.7rPocr§£v {a- pourtray the foreparts of a 

yponpoucri, 3i« to euqSe- lion, because these are the 

veo-tepcc avTu u7Tccpx^v most powerful members of his 

TauTac to, (xeM tou aco- body. 
fta-Tog. 

This hieroglyphic signifies '* Powerful ;" and the head 
by itself " Victrix," as it occurs in Nitocris or Neith 
victrix. 
" Aid. Merc. Par. C. om. t Treb. om. from ij\io^. 



HO R APOLLO. 



XIX. HOW THEY DENOTE A WATCHFUL PERSON. 




id . Tloig eypnyopora ypa<pov<riv. 

"EygyyogoTa* ^e y§a- To denote a watchful per- 

<Povte$, r) kou cpuKaza,, son, or even a guard, they 

hsovrog y$a(pou<n xE<px- pourtray the head of a lion, 

>,y\v. e7te^yi o Xscov ev ru because the lion, when awake, 

syfviyofEvai /ae/auke roug closes his eyes, but when 

6<p9ahfjLoug f xoifjicofj[,£vogdE, asleep keeps them open, 

avsayorag rovroug exel' which is a sign of watching. 

oVe^ ko-n roil (puXoccrastv Wherefore at the gates of the 

(nj/AEiov. hoTTEp hoc) crv/x- temples they have symbolically 

QoXiKug roTg K\Eifyoig tov appropriated lions as guard- 

lEgav, Xsovrag cog (pvXtxKag ians. 
7ra^EiXr](pcx,<Ji. 

II. Watchful. 

i. in. Andro- Sphinxes, and Crio-Sphinxes, were almost 
universally placed in the dromos of a temple. The 
magnificent lions, presented by Lord Prudhoe to the 
British Museum, are from Xapata, now Gebel Burkel. 

* rpriyopornra, Mor. 



XX. HOW THE TERRIBLE. 



Tw aura xgwvrai ay]f/,Eta) f 
inEidri ahKifAUTccTov u- 
7ragx ov TouTo ro &ov y 
Travrag elg <po$ov rohg 

QfUVTOCS tpEgEl. 



TLcog <po@sp6v. 

To signify the terrible they 
makeuseof thesAME symbol,* 
because this animal, being the 
most powerful, terrifies all 
who behold it. 



XXI. HOW THE RISING OF THE NILE. 




fl 1 II I Hi 
1 1 1 I | I t I ^WVWM 



/WWWWA 



Ka. Hug ~NeiXou ava,$a.cnv. 
Nehou £e avaQacriv an- To signify the rising of the 
^alvovreg. ov xaXovaiv A/- Nile, which they call in the 

i. The Inundation. 

ir. Lord of the waters, of the Nile, a title of Kneph. — 
Sh.78l. 

in. A figure from a tomb at Thebes; the symbols of hea- 
ven and earth, with drops distilling between them. 

iv. The sign of the months of the inundation — Noun, 

* See Chap. xvm. 



TTQTE OE oupavov KOU ynv 
u$cop ava.Qxu€ l QV(Tav.-\ te- 

ovroc (JLEV, ETTEtctil YjXlOg 

slg T&ovra yEVQfxEvog, Tttei- 
ova tyiv ava.Qa<riv too 
NeiXovX TroisTrai'^ ug te 

EfX/XEV0VT0g\\ TOU r\7\lOV TO) 
ZuMa TOUTMy TO OlfMOlPOV 

too v'eou uoacTog %Xr\[XfxV' 

PEl TIQKhtXmq. 0%EV KOU 



42 HORAPOLLO. 

yvTTTicTT) Noi/v,* ep/xyiveu- Egyptian language Noun, and 

9sv $£ anfjiouvei vsov f ttote which, when interpreted, sig- 

f/,EvhsovT<zypa(poucnj7roT£ nifies New, they sometimes 

ds tpe7$ ytyiag /AsyaXag, pourtray a lion, and some- 

' times THREE LARGE WATER- 

' pots, and at other times hea- 

1 VEN AND EARTH GUSHING 
' FORTH WITH WATER. And 

they depict a lion, because 
when the sun is in Leo it aug- 
ments the rising of the Nile, 
so that oftentimes while the 
sun remains in that sign of the 
zodiac, half of the new water 
Tatg XohEO^oac,, kcu Tovg [Noun, theentire inundation?] 
EicrayuyEig tuv Iepuv kpyi- is supplied ; and hence it is, 
vw, teovTOfjLCPpoug kocteo-- that those who anciently pre- 
HEvavav ol apxoioi% tuv sided over the sacred works, 
lEParincov spycov ettlo-toc- have made the spouts [?] and 
t«j. **«<£>' oukou/xexpivvv passages of the sacred foun- 
hoct Evxh TTteovxo-pou tains in the form of lions. ff 

* Now/i, Treb. 
t Treb. om. from vdpiag. 
$ Par A. B. Mor. substitute Qeov. 
§ Treb. om. the next 25 lines to KaXovcri. 
|| kfi/xiviov, omitting rov rjXiov, Par A. B. Leem. 
If Aid. Merc. om. and Par C. leaving a lacuna. 
** irpoordTai, Par A. B. C. Aid. Merc. 

tt The Lion's head is commonly used as a waterspout in the 
temples of Egypt. 



43 



I uygorvrog* .... Wherefore, even to this day 

Tfta 3e utysfa, Yi ougavov in prayer for an abundant in- 

1 xa\ yrjv udaf Qxu^ovaav, undation And 

• to (xh utysTovf b/jLoiouvrsg they depict three waterpots, 
xaftia y^cocrcrav ixovcrn' or heaven and earjth gush- 

HOtftlCt fA,£V , ETTEldy 7Taf ING FORTH WITH WATER, be~ 

1 auroTg to hys/jLoviHov sari cause they make a waterpot 

' rou cco/xarog aum, xaQa- like a heart having a tongue, 

• tte? o NsTxog rrjg Alyuir- — like a heart, because in their 

• rou yys/xcov xa6e<rrms' opinion the heart is the ruling 
i yXooo-iTYi 3e, on ha vravrog member of the body, as the 
! kv uypco hnnx^xouo-av rau- Nile is the ruler of Egypt, and 
I rr\v, na) yEvsTstfav rou like [a heart with ?] a tongue, 
] slvai xaXoucri.l rgia h*s because it is always in a state 
1 btysia, xa\ ours. TThslova of humidity, and they call it 
i ours Y\TTova, ettei^y] r\ ryjg the producer of existence. And 

avaQaosug egyaala xar they depict three waterpots, 

i auroug r^i/xs^g u7ragx ei * an d neither more nor less, be- 

\ sv fxlv utte^ rr,g Alyuw- cause according to them there 

1 flag yrjg ra^avrsg' e7Tei$yi is a triple cause of the inun- 

\so-ri naff aurr\v uctarog dation. And they depict one 

lysvYirucYi. srsqov b*E, uTTEp for the Egyptian soil, as being 

\rou uxsavou' na) yag a7ro of itself productive of water ; 

•rourou uftag 7ra%ayivsrai and another for the ocean, for 

sig Al'yu7rTov sv r£ ryjg at the period of the inunda- 

* Mor. supplies /ecu 'i.v ^o'imv ye/xovTeg tov olvov Z,6ns)v Xs- 

ovra, Par A. B. icai 'iv tCov x (J) 9 iU)V ytpovTsg tov olvov 'Cwwv 

XtOVTIOV. 

t Aid. Par C. om. fiev vdpeiov, leaving a lacuna. 
$ Treb. om, from wq rt tjXfifvovroQ. 



HORAPOLLO, 



avahaoscog nai^u. r^irov 



tion, water flows up from it 
into Egypt ; and the third to 

ylvovrai tiara ra voria symbolise the rains which pre- 
Tri$ Al§io7rla,g /Aspy, Kara vail in the southern parts of 
tqv ryg avaQaaEug rou Ethiopia at the time of the 
NiTxoyxcugov. on $e ysvva rising of the Nile. Now that 
r] Ai'yv7rrog to udcog, $v- Egypt generates the water, we 
may deduce from this, that 
in the rest of the earth the in- 
undations of the rivers take 
place in the winter, and are 
caused by frequent rains ; but 



varov ecrriv evteuQev [xa- 
9e7v. h yag ito KoiTru 
HXi/jcari rou h.oo~[aou, at 

TUV TTOTa/xaV TTTtyfAfAUgM 

sv ru x £l l u ^ vl a7roTs7\ouv- 



OfXh^UV TOV TOiOOrOV G~VfA~ 

fiaivovrog' (Mow o*£ r\ Al- 



rai, v7ro roZv (tuvexoov the country of the Egyptians 
alone, inasmuch as it is situ- 
ated in the middle of the ha- 
yuTTTicov yv, hrs) fxscry) bitable world, like that part of 
Trig ohiov/AEvyg u7ragx E b tne eve > wmcn * s called the 
k.a9a7rep h ra 6(p9ah/xu pupil, of itself causes the rising 
r, XEyojAEvn xogn 9 §£%oug of the Nile in summer. 
ay ei ryv Toii Ne/aov lau- 
TJ? ava@a<7iv. 



XXII. HOW THEY DESIGNATF. EGYPT. 




x0. Hcog AiyuTTTov ypa(pou<nv. 

Aiyvmov $£ ygapov- To designate Egypt* they 

t££, SuiAiarrfyiov kouo[asvov depict a burning censer and 

£ coy %a(p overt, tea) ettocvco a heart above it, implying, 

KctpMav. d-nXovvTEg on cog that as the heart of a jealous 

•h toV £y)Xoti/7tou xccfticc, person is constantly inflamed, 

ha TTccvrog Trugourcu, ou- so Egypt from its heat perpe- 

Tcog h Aiyu7TTog, Ik rig tually vivifies the things which 

S^/aot*jtoj, ha vravTog are in or near it. 

^cooyovsl t« h auTYi y\ 

%ap ably b r /raoy j ov r ra. 

Of the above nine hieroglyphical groups, i, n, in, upon 
the left, signify Egypt. 7 he fourth, in the centre, 
signifies Upper and Lower Egypt ; and is apparently 
that to ivhich Horapollo alludes, hut is mistaken in his 
description of it. v, and vi, immediately beneath it, 
denote King, and King of the Upper and Lower 
country. And vn, vm, ix, upon the right, signify 
the Upper and Lower country. 

* Qy. A'iyvTTTos, the Nile ? or Egypt after the inundation ? 



HORAPOI.LO. 



XXIII. HOW A MAN THAT HAS NOT TRAVELLED 
ABROAD. 

wy . Hag avSpQTTQV [xy\ a7ro'$y\(jt.Y)cravTct.* 

"AvfyuTTov tyjs TraTgl- To symbolize a man that 

dog i*y\ a7ro$Y)/AYi(TavTot. <rn- has not travelled out of his 

fialvovTEg, 6vonE(pa7\ov £00- own country, they delineate 

yga(poucrtV iTraSrj oute anoNocEPHALUs [creature with 

<xkouei TivoglrTOf lag, oute an ass's head], because he is 

tuv mi %EVY]g yivoixEvcov neither acquainted with his- 

aloSavETai. tory, nor conversant with fo- 
reign affairs. 



XXIV. HOW AN AMULET [PROTECTION.]! 



k§'. Tlcog <puXaKTr\pLOv. 
<$uXctKTYifiQv cfe y$>a- When they would denote an 

QEiv@ouh6fji.Evoi, duo KE(pa- amulet, they pourtray two 

Two heads, one in front and the other in projile, is a 
common hiiroglyphic signifying Protection, but is not 
ascertained us an amulet. 

* Par C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. insert t7jq Trarpicog. 

t Mr. Birch has suggested, that (pv\aKTt]Qiov has been substituted 
by Hor.ipollo for QvXaica, a Guard or Protector ; which is extremely 
happy. 



"hag av^PcoTTcov £coypa(p- 

OV(Tlj TYW fXEV TOU CCfHTEVOS 
EtTCO ftkETtOVCTaV, TY]V §£ 

SyiXukyiv 'e%co. ourco yap 
Qaaiv ovoEV rcov oai/xovtuv 

E<P<X^ETai' E7TEl$Y\ KCU %W- 

figypjifA.jua.rcov, raig duo) 
XEtpaXaig kauroug <pu\aK- 
T*ipiaZoutTt. 



human heads, one of a male 
looking inwards, the other of 
a female looking outwards, 
(for they say that no demon 
will interfere with any person 
thus guarded) ; for without in- 
scriptions they protect them- 
selves with the two heads. 



XXV. HOW THEY DENOTE AN IMPERFECT MAN. 




he. Hag avQpcoTTOv avrXacrTOV ypatpoucrtv. 

*A7TKa<rTovfoav6(><a7rov To denote an imperfect 

ypctfpovTEg, Qarpaxov £a- man, they delineate a frog, 

ypa<poucriv' evTEifrvi y tov- because it is generated from 

tov yEVEdig eh. ryg tov the slime of the river, whence 

. i. A common hieroglyphic, but not ascertained. In the 
British Museum is an inscription, in which Kneph 
is called " the king of Frogs." — Birch. 
n. Kneph. 



48 



HORAPOLLO. 



7T0Ta/A0V iXvog octtoteXei- 
toci. o8ev Kai eo$* ore 
boarou ru ftsv etepu /aepei 
avrouy fiotrpaxu' T £> ^ 
Xoittu, ysco^st riv) SfX<pE- 
pr\g' ag xa) ehKlttqvti ra 

TTOTOtjUa, tTUVEKXElTTElV. 



it occasionally happens that it 
is seen with one part of a frog, 
and the remainder formed of 
slime, so that should the river 
fall, the animal would be left 
imperfect. 



HOW AN OPENING. 







KT . riwj CCVOl^LV. 

"Avoif iv $e SeXovtes oV When they would denote 

Xuaoti, Xayuov Zuypap- an opening, they delineate a 

ov<n' foa, to ttuvtote tqu$ hare, because this animal al- 

6<p9ot\fAobs avEcoyoTag e- ways has its eyes open. 

X^tv rovro ro £aov. 



Denotes " opening" according to Wilkinson — according 
to Sharpe it signifies " It is lawful." Qy. " Open or 
unprohibited." 



XXVII. HOW SPEECH. 



/// 




k£' '. Hag to Xsystv. 

To Asyeiv $e yocapovrsg, To denote speech they de- 

yhuo-crav ^ayoaQoucri, hou pict a tongue, and a blood- 

v(pai(Aov o<p8aX/j.6v'* t« shot eye ; because they allot 

fih woarEia rrjg XaXiag, the principal parts of speech 

ry yXcocray fjte^t^ovTsg, ra to the tongue, but the secon- 

fouTspeTa 3e raurng, roTg dary parts thereof to the eyes. 

opQahfAoTg. ouru yao otrs For these kinds of discourses 

Xoyoi TEtelag rrjg ^u%y\g are strictly those of the soul 

xaQEo-Twcco-i 7rpog roc hi- varying in conformity with its 

VYifMctra at/Trig o-ufxfxsrcx- emotions ; more especially as 

€a?&ovrE$ m Ei7rEpxouET£fa they are denominated by the 

Xahia, Trcxp AlyuTTTioig Egyptians as different lan- 

ovofxd^Ercxi'i ETEgcog ds ro guages. And to symbolize 

KsyEtv o~v/AalvovTEg, yhacr- speech differently, they depict 

i. Supposed by Mr. Wilkinson to represent three tongues, 

and to apply to the goddess of speech. 
II. Champollion considered this as the tongue and hand 
alluded to : it is often found inscribed at the be- 
ginning of tablets ; a position not unfrequently occu- 
pied by an eye. It appears as a title of Hor. 
* De Pauw. suggests, viral tov 6<p0a\nbv — an eye beneath, 
t Treb. om. from eiirep- 



50 



IIOUAFULLO. 



aav nai %zi$>a vTTOKaTco a tongue and a hand be- 

yga<poucri' ry fxh ykcoao-y neath; allotting the principal 

roc, TTfJUTeTa roii Koyou parts of speech to the tongue 

<psgEiv dsdooKQTEs, ry o£ to perform, and the secondary 

%«f J, ug to. ty\c, yXoocro-Yis parts to the hand as effecting 

(3ouXvi(AaTa avuoutry, ra the wishes of the tongue. 

OBUTEga. 



xxviii. now dumbness. 



kyi. Tlcog oc(paviav. 



*A$wflav 3e ypatpovTEg, To denote dumbness, they 

ccpiQ/xov a^Lf yfapovcriv, depict the number 1 095, which 

v$ TfisTovg so-t) x^qvov is the number of days in the 

a§i6/jiog 9 ek TpiccKocricov e%- space of three years, the year 

wovraTrsvTE ypegSiv rov consisting of 365 days, within 

houg uTrapxovrog' sp ov which time, if a child does not 

Xpovov /j,y) "haMaav to speak, it shews that it has an 

TTcctdlov o-y/xEiouTai ugTrar impediment in its tongue. 
pa7TE7roh<Tfj.Evov ty} yXoocr- 

071. 

* yk Aid. — qX( Par A. 13. and Caus. 



XXIX. HOW A VOICE FROM A DISTANCE. 



x(f. Hug (pavYiv /xaxpo^EV. 



<&wriv $e ftaxpoQev (3ou- When they would symbolise 

Ko/xevol $yi\u<t<zi, o hoc- a voice from a distance , which 

Xsitoci Trap AlyvTTTioig is called by the Egyptians 

OuatE } ak^og tpoovriv yoa- Ouaie, they portray the voice 

(P0V(71 } TOUTECTTl (ZpOVTyv, OF THE AIR, i. e. THUNDER, 

rig ov^ev HaTa(p9syyEi /j.e'i- than which nothing utters a 

£ov, yi duva/juKUTEgov, greater or more powerful voice. 



XXX. HOW ANCIENT DESCENT. 



a'. Tlug apxjxioyovlav . 

'Agxaioyovtav Seypa- To denote ancient descent 

(povrsg, TraTTufou Zvypa- they depict a bundle of pa- 

Qquo-i $£crfAYiv' ha toutqv pyrus, and by this they inti- 

^nXouvrsg rag Trocorag mate the primeval food ; for 

rqoQag . rpo<pav yao obx. no one can find the beginning 

civ Tig Evooij r\ yovrig, ap- of food or generation. 
X*v. 

A roll of papyrus. 



52 



HORAPOLLO. 



XXXI. HOW TASTE. 



Xa. Hug yeocriv. 



Yeuctiv oe oyhouvTEg, 
agXW o-ro/xarog £uygx- 

<P0V<TIV' E7TE10YI TTlXCra J2V- 

crig usxpi TOLuryg cru^E- 
roci. yEvaiv oe hsyu te- 
teitxv. yEuaiv oe (my\ te- 
"hEiocv oyhouvTEg, yhucrcrav 
etti otiovruv £coypa<poi>criv, 

ETTElO^Yl TTCCCa yEUCTig T0U- 

roig TEhEnai. 



To denote taste they deli- 
neate the EXTREMITY OF THE 

gullet, for all taste is pre- 
served thus far : I am speaking 
however of perfect taste. But 
to denote imperfect taste they 
delineate the tongue upon 
the teeth, inasmuch as all 
taste is effected by these. 



xxxii. how delight. 

X0. Hug yi^qvyiv. 

'Htiovnv 3s dyXuG-ai When they would represent 
$ou-k6(jlevoi fexaH afifaov delight they depict the Num- 
ypatyovcnv. octto yap rou- ber 16 ;* for from this age men 

* Leemans very happily suggests, from the following passage in 
Pliny. Nat. Hist. V. 9., that the symbol had some reference to the 
rising of the Nile : " Justum incrementum est cubitorum sedecim 

in duodecim cubitis famem sentit ; in tredecim etiamnum 

esurit ; quatuordecim cubita hilaritatem adferunt ; quindecim secu- 
ritatem ; sedecim delicias." 



BOOK I. 



53 



rcov twi/ stwv, ct(>xriv rrjc; begin to hold commerce with 
7rpog yuvaiKag cruvovaiac, women, and to procreate chil- 

HOLl TTpOS TEHVCC yEV£(TECi}g f 

01 av^Es s'xoutn. 



dren. 



XXXIII. HOW SEXUAL INTERCOURSE. 



Ay . Tlag avvovaiav. 



Zuvoucr'iav o*e foi&QUVTS$ f 

ouo oexoce!; <xpiO/j.oug yoa,- 
<poucrtv. E7TEi$y) yao ra 

$EHaE<; Yldovhv * E17TQ/J.EV 

Etvcci' y\ $e o-uvova-'axy eh. 

$V0 Y\%0VWV aUVECTTYIHEVy EH. 
T£ TOU OCvfyoSy HOU Tvj$ 

yvvoctHog' hex touto roc 
cxXXtx hnctE^ Tr^ocryoa.- 
Ooucri. 



To denote sexual inter- 
course they depict two Num- 
bers 16. Cum enim sedecim 
voluptatem esse diximus ; con- 
gressus autem, duplici con- 
stet, maris ac foeminge, volup- 
tate, propterea alia sedecim 
adscribunt. 



* Mor. Par. A Pier. Leem. — deicaiZ r)dovu>v, Par. B. — t'skvu IE, 
doi'oii', Al. 



HORAPOLLO. 



XXXIV. HOW A SOUL CONTINUING A LONG TIME HERE. 




m. Tlag \f/y%rjv hrai/Oa 7ro7\uv x?° vov ^icx.rpiQou<rav. 



'i'uxhv $E EVTCCuQa. 7T0- 

Aw xp° vov foaTf&oucrav * 

TTXYjfXfjLVpaVj (pOlVlHCX, TO 0£- 

veov £coy(j(x<poucri. -^uxw 

fJLEV, E7TE10Y) 7TCCVTUV TUV 
EV Tto X0O~/J,M 7T0XuXg0VlU- 
TCCTOV V7TapX sl TOUTO TO 

£aov. w'hyyuyi.v^a.v 5e, I- 

7TEldri YiXtou ECTTIV Q ([)QIVI% 

ivfx^oXoVf ov /xr^EV Eari 
7tXelov Kara rev h6o~(jlov. 



When they would denote a 
soul continuing a long time 
here,-\ or an inundation, they 
depict the Phoenix the bird :J 
and they denote the soul by it, 
because this is the longest lived 
of all creatures in the world ; 
and an inundation, because 
the Phoenix is a symbol of the 
sun, than which nothing is 
greater in the universe. For 
the sun passes over all and 



The Phoenix, 

* CiuiTpiliaaaVy Par. A. 

t Qy. ' When they would denote the soul, or an expiring cycle of 
time, or an inundation V Of the two first the Phoenix was certainly 
a symbol, and possibly of the last, on account of its periodical 
return. 

% The Phoenix the Bird, to distinguish it from the Phoenix the 
Palm branch.— See Cli. 7. 



7t<xvtuv ya% emGaiv£i 9 xou scrutinises all, hence he is called 
TTczvTa* stjepEuvoi b yXiog Polys|| (much). 

siff our co TloXugf - — £ 
dvo(Aotcr§YicrETai . § 



XXXV. HOW A MAN RETURNING HOME AFTER A LONG 
TIME FROM A FOREIGN LAND. 

Xe. Hug rov xgovicog cxiib ^Evr\g E7ri$wf/.ouvTa. 

Ka) rov xpovlcog (& To denote a man returning 

a.7ro Zsvrig £7rib%/j.ouvrcz home after a long time from 

driXouvTESj TraXiv cpolvutct a foreign land they again de- 

to ogvEov (coyfczcpoucriv. lineate the Phoznix the bird : 

ourog yap Etg A'lyuTrrov, for this creature, after an in- 

ETrav o x^ovog tou (toifi- terval of 580 years, 11 when the 

$tou ocutov HaTaXcx^dvEiv time of death is about to over- 

/j,EXXy, foa, TTEvrajioalcov take him, returns to Egypt, 

etcov TrapaylvETou' xa) and as soon as he pays the 

aTTo^oug eclv cp9xo-Y\ svrog debt of nature in Egypt, he is 

rrig AlyuTTTou ro x? euv, mystically served with funeral 

ky^euetou (xuo-TiKcog' xa) rites ; and whatever rites the 

oaa £7r) ruv axxcov hpuv Egyptians pay to the rest of 

Zcocov AlyuTTTioi teXoucti, the sacred animals, the same 

* Mor. Leem. — 7rdvrag, Al. 

t Haesch. conjectures 7roXv6(p9aXfioQ as an epithet of the sun. 
Qy. TroXvxpoviog. 

$ Aid. and Par. A. leave no lacuna. 

§ Treb. om. from el9\ 

|| Phanes? Apollo. 

% See a similar relation in Tacitus Ann. vi. 28. 



06 HORAPOLLO. 

raura ksu tw (poivixt are due to the Phoenix : *for 

u7ra.pxziv oQeiXei. XeysTxi it is said by the Egyptians 

yoco /j,oix?,ov rav ahXw to rejoice in the sun more 

<zv§pco7ruv faico %a/^£iv|| than other birds, and because 

bit Aiyu7nicov,-\ $10 kcci among them the Nile over- 

tov Nslxov ai/roTg nXy/A- flows through the heat of this 

fxugsTv, v7ro rrjg Seg/AOTYi- god ; of which matter we dis- 

rog tovtov rod Ssou' TTE^i coursed with you a short time 

QV fMlK^OV E/J.7TgOCT$£V SUICC 

Xoyog a7ro$Q§YiQ~ETail o~oi 

7Tap YlfAUV.^ 



XXXVI. HOW THEY DENOTE THE HEART. 




Ar'. TLcog K/xfilav yptx(p\ 

Kafttav @oux6/jLEVoi 
ypatpEiv, IQiv Zcoypatpouai. 
to yap £uov, ^p/xy ukeioo- 
Tai, 7ra.a-^g naft'iag xa\ 



When they would denote 
the heart they ' delineate the 
' Ibis ; for this animal is con- 
' secrated to Hermes [Thoth], 



Ibis, the emblem of Thoth or Hermes. 
* I have translated this according to Treb. 
|| tjXwg xaipuv, Par. A. 

t Mer. suggests hir AiyvTrrlwv. — Hsesch. tovq Aiyv7rriovg. — 
De Pauw suggests opveojv for avQpu>7riov, and Treb. reads so. 
t Mer. De Pauw suggests airtdoOt). 
<S Treb. om. from 7repi ov. 



hoyta-fAOu focrTroTy, ette) the lord of every heart and of 

km* y\ iQi$ ai/To naff reasoning. The Ibis also is 

auTO rri Kaftia ecttIv itself in its own shape like the 

s^p sprig' f tte^i qv hoyog heart, respecting which great 

e<rn TrXeTarog Trocp Al- discussions are maintained by 

yu7TTioi<; (ps^6f/,svog. the Egyptians. 



XXXVII. HOW EDUCATION. 



a£'. ITo^ Troci^slav. 



Ylatideiccv ($£ ypa<povTE$, 
oupavov tyocrov /3aAAovra 
£wy(>ct(pou<n m o%?\oovTEg, 
on uo-TTEg dpocrog kitt- 
TOf era, si<; TTocvra ra (puroc 
XM^h k°" r & (am <pv<riv 
sxovra ciTrahuvEcrQai, a- 
TTahUVEl, to, o*e cntXyjgct 
fXEVovToc, ek, Trig lo^iocg q>v- 
cTEug, a^vvaTEi to acuro 
rolg sterols ehteXe'iv' outu 

KtXl ETTl TUV avSgOdTTUVy Y) 

fXEV mou^Eta ho ivy) Ka9s- 

(TTWEV, WTTEp [AEV EV<pVY\g f 



To denote education\ they 
represent the heaven distil- 
ling dew, intimating that as 
falling dew alights on all ve- 
getables, and softens those 
which have a nature suscep- 
tible of being softened, but is 
unable to operate upon those 
which essentially remain hard 
in the same way as upon the 
others ; so also among men 
education is common to all ; 
and a man of an apt disposi- 
tion receives it as dew, while 



* Mor. kireihj. t Mor. afxepyQ. 

t Qy. An Educator or Priest! See Ch. 21, fig. 4. See also 
fig-. 3 of Neith, who was the Minerva, the Goddess of Education, 
pouring- out the waters. 



58 



HORAPOLLO. 



cog fyoo-Qv aqira&i, b $E a man of a disposition less 
a(purig f aduvaTsi rouro docile is incapable of doing 

dpacrai . so. 



XXXVIII. HOW THE EGYPTIAN LETTERS. 




M . 



AlyuTtTia os ypafx- 
fxara chiKouvTEg, y) hpo- 
ypa/>/,(/.czT£cc, h 7T£gag, (/.e- 
Aav, Kca ttocntivov, kou 
crxoLViov ZcoypaQovcnv. Al- 
yvTTTia fXEV ypa/j,>A<ZT<x, 
$ia to Touroig iravra. Trap 
AlyvTTTioig ra ypa<po/j,£va 
EHTE?\Eicr^txi. crxolvu yag 
ypatpovcri, Kai ovk aKku 

riVl. KQCTKIVOV $£, ETTEIO^y) 
TO KQtJKlVOV TTpCOTOV VTTap- 



Ylug AiyitTTTia y pap [Mar a. 

' To denote the Egyptian 
' letters, or a sacred scribe, 
1 or a boundary, they delineate 
' ink, and a sieve, and a reed, 
' and they thus symbolise the 
1 Egyptian letters, because 
* by means of these things all 
' writings among the Egyp- 
' tians are executed : for they 
' write with a reed and nothing 
■ else : and they depict a sieve, 
because the sieve being origin- 



i. Inkstand : the ink and reeds, with one of which Thoth 
is writing, are placed in the cavities of the inkstand. 

ii. A royal scribe. 

in. Thoth, tlte sacred scribe, is usually in this position, 
behind Osiris in the judgment of the deud. 



59 



%ov crxEvog afTOTTou'ag, eh 
crxoivou yivsrai' ^Xodcriv 
ouv on wag b ex cov r W 
Toocpyv, (xcx%ctetcxi roc. 
ypa^cxTcx" b cTs /xr] excov, 

ETEpcX TEXW XfVWrW 

cccp ob Hai r\ TTcxihioc Trap 
auTo'ig o~@a hczXeTtczi' qtced 

ECTTIV ED(AY\VEV§EV, 7T\Y)pY)g 

roocpn. iEgoyciafAftcxTEcz cJe, 

E7TE10Y} {COYIV KCU ScZVCZTOV 

oi/Tog foaxPiVEt. ectti 5fi 
ttcxdoc ToTg lEPoyocx/Afjux- 
TEi/cri hoc)* @[£xog h^oc, 

HtXXOVfJLEVY] OLycSfa, (Jl Y\$ 

K^ivoucn tqv hcctczhXiQevtcx 

CXppCOCTTOV' 7T0TEC-0V £cO(Tl- 
fxog ECTTIV, Yl OU, T0VT0 EH 

rvg HcxrcxHXicrEug tou ap- 

pCOCTTOU CTYlfAElOUfAEVOl. f 

Trsgczg cJe, skei^I (jccxQuv 
ypcx/x/xcxTcx, Eig b^/xov {corjg 

EUOIQV EM^uQeV, OUHETl 

7TXavcofj(,EVog roTg too @tou 

HCXHolg. 



ally an instrument for making 
bread is constructed of reed ; 
and they thereby intimate that 
every one who has a subsis- 
tence should learn the letters, 
but that one who has not 
should practise some other 
art. And hence it is that 
among them education is called 
sbo,§ which when interpreted 
signifies sufficient food. Also 
they symbolize by these a 
* sacred scribe, because he 
' judges of life and death. 
For there is among the sacred 
scribes a sacred book called 
Ambres, by which they decide 
respecting any one who is 
lying sick, whether he will live 
or not, ascertaining it from 
the recumbent posture of the 
sick person. And a boundary, 
because he who has learnt his 
letters has arrived at a tran- 
quil harbour of existence, no 
longer wandering among the 
evils of this life. 



* Mer. Par C. om. 

X Mor. Par A. &c. insert 6. 

§ sbo in Coptic denotes learning. — Champ 



t Treb. om. from tovto. 



HORAPOLLO. 



XXXIX. HOW A SACRED SCRIBE. 




A#'. Ucog hpoy^a/xfxarsa. 



*L 



goygafifACLT 



set (fe ', 



Ajv, n Trgotpnrwv, y] svra- 
(picc<jTY\v* yi <T7r\r)va, h 
ocrtpgricriv, r) ysAwra, r) 
7rra^/xov, [ri af%*)V, r) h- 

KO-CTTYW f] fiouXOfAEVOL yga- 

(pEiv^ Kuva £uyga<poucriv. 
ls^oy^(X[X[xa. r v£oc [mev, e7Tei- 

0Y)7T£g TOV @0UX0fAEV0V lE^O- 

ygtz/j./j.a.TE(z teXeiov yi- 
vEcr§ai, x?* vrobba /xeXe- 

T«V, UXOCKTe'iV T£ <TUVEXU$ 

nai aTTYiy^iaa-Bai, /xyi^evl 



And again when they would 
denote a sacred scribe, or a 
prophet, or an embalmer, or 
the spleen, or smelling, or 
laughter, or sneezing, [or go- 
vernment, or a judged they 
depict a dog. And by this 
they denote a sacred scribe, 
because it is necessary for one 
who is desirous of becoming 
a perfect sacred scribe to be 
extremely careful, and to bark 
perpetually, and to be fierce, 



i. Anubis on a tomb. 11. Anubis as an e 

Treb om. t Treb. om. rj apxvv // Sacaarriv., 



BOOK I. 61 

TT^oa-xocgiiofjavov, * uo~- fawning upon no one, like 

ttep ol nuvsg. ttpoQyitw dogs. And they symbolise 

$e, ETrsidri b kucov <xtevl£el by it a prophet, because the 

Traoa, to, aKha roov {eocov dog gazes intently || upon the 

elg ra tuv\ Beuv eiduba, images of the gods more than 

xaQaTrsg TTPotpyiryg. h- all other animals, as does a 

ratpiao-TYiv o*e tuv iepuv, prophet. And an embalmer 

ettel^yi xa) ovrog yvfxva, of the sacred animals, because 

xai avaTET/jLYifAEva BEcopsT he also surveys the naked 

roc bit ctvTou KY^EvofXEva. and dissected forms which are 

Ei^uXa.Xo-7rXnva^E, ettei- preserved by him. And the 

$j tovto to £coov (jLovov spleen, because this animal 

Trccoa tcx ETEpa, EXatpoo- alone of all other creatures 

ted ov £X£i f ei'te OavaTog has this organ very light : and 

aura, ei'te ftavia ttepi- whether death or madness 

ttectoi, cxtto tov aitMvbg seizes him it arises from his 

yivETau. Kcxi ol Sepcxttev- spleen. And those who attend 

ovt£s§ to (eoov tovto kv this animal in his exequies, 

rcxTg xr]hl(xig f ^\ EWEitiav when about themselves to die, 

(jleMcoo-i TE\EuraVy ag ett) generally become splenetic ; 

to TrteTcrTov ctttXyivlho) yi- for smelling the exhalations 

vovrai. 6cr<pp<ziv6{A,Evoi yap from the dog, when dissecting 

Trig too dvaTEfMvofXEvov feu- him, they are affected by them. 

* Mor. Mer. Pier. Causs. Leem. -^agL^Gfiivov. — Par. C. Aid. 
XaptZonevog. t Par. A. B. Leem. — A.1. insert de . 

X Aug. Haesch. De Pauw. dXXa, though De Pauw suggests 
' airXa. 

§ Treh. om. from kvTafiaarriv. 

|| In the ceiling of the Ramesseion is a figure of Anubis seated, 
as in fig. i., at each end of the zodiac, gazing at the gods, who re- 
present the intermediate months. f Mor. icapdiaig. 






62 HORAPOLLO. 

vog aTroQooat;, Trcto-y^ovo-iv And it denotes smelling, and 

vtto toutou* qctQ(jy\-jiv tie laughter, and sneezing, be- 

tcau ysKura hou wrae/AW, cause the thoroughly splenetic 

ettei$yi ol 7sXsioi o-tckwi- are neither able to smell, nor 

Koij oure 6o~<poaivEo-§cu, laugh, nor sneeze. 
oure ysAav, ours (Ay\v 



IN WHAT MANNER THEY REPRESENT GOVERNMENT, 
OR A JUDGE. 




fx ' . Tivi tpottu $Yi>.oiicriv ccoy)\v , *j hxao-TYiv.f 
' Aoxw 5e,J yi $ikout- When they denote govern- 
rr)v^ knav ypa<pua-i,7rooa- ment,% or a judge, they place 

i. The figure, which appears to be some spotted skin upon 
a pole, is commonly placed beside Osiris or Thoth in 
the judgment of the dead, in which Anubis or the Dog 
is also concerned. It may be some coarse garment, 
but it is evidently the panther skin of the Greek - 
Dionysus, the counter-part of Osiris. 
ii. Osiris as judge of the dead ; another form, of Khem. 
* Treb. om. from oa^paivo/Jievoi. 

t Qy. '2to\i<jti]v, the robe bearer, who was one of the officers 
of the procession. See the illustration of these chapters from 
Clemens, in the plate and note at the end. 

I Qy. "Ap-^ovra, An archon or minister of state. § Treb. om. 



TiOsacri ru huv) hou (3a<ri- 

>.IKY\V <TT0\YIV TTapCLKtl/XSVYlV 

arxvjbia. yufAVOV* diOTi 

C0(X7TE^ fiUCOVf HCtQuTTEO f 

7rgos77rov, sig t<x rav Sewv 
uouXa 6^uu7rs7 } outco hou 
o a,(>x m X foxot<rTYi$ cov h 
roTg TvaXaiOTEgotg Xpovoig, 
yvfjLvov eSeco^ei rov (3a- 
atXea' oio hcc) E7ri rourou 
7r^oa7TE^i7roioucn ry\v @tx- 



close against the clog a royal 
roue, the undress garment :* 
because like the dog, who, 
as I said before, gazes in- 
tently on the images of the 
gods, so likewise the minister, 
being in the more ancient 
times a judge also, used to see 
the king naked, and on this 
account they add the royal 
garment. 



XLI. HOW THEY SIGNIFY THE BEARER OF THE SHRINE. 





■as 



fxtx. Hug (TY)fxaivou(Ti Traarotpopov, 
UacrTo$6fov ds ayi[Aai- To signify the bearer of the 
vovrtg, tpuKana olniag £u- shrine,^ they depict the keeper 
i. Shrine or small portable temple, which was borne 
like the Jewish ark by staves passed along its sides, 
as above. — Sh. 361. 
ii. This figure supporting a shrine is very common. 
in. A temple ; literally a shrine-house. — Sh, 362. 
* Very obscure — Treb. reads nudae figurae appositam, placed 
on a naked figure. — Mer. and De Pauw. suggest axrjp-ari yvp,v<p — 
Caus. Kal o^pa yvpvov. It seems to have been the hide of some 
beast worn next the skin by the King, (as Dionysus and Hercules 
are represented,) and, according to Mr. Wilkinson, by the priests of 
a certain grade. — See his Ancient Egypt. 

t Aug. Mor. Par. A. B. icaOd. $ Treb. om. 

$ The cell in which the statue was carried in procession. 



64 HOR APOLLO. 

y%a<pQuai, ha to utto of a house, because by him 
rovrou (puXarrEoSai to the temple is guarded. 
isgQV. 

X'LII. HOW THEY REPRESENT AN HOROSCOPUS 
[OBSERVER OF THE HOURS.] 




(A0 . Yloog k^alvovaiv u^octkq'xov. 
\iloocr)io7rov 5e c%r To signify an Horoscopus 
houvrsg, avfycoTTov rag [observer of the hours], they 
ugag scrdlovra Zayatpou- delineate a man eating the 



<tiv' oux on rag agag 



hours, not that the man eats 



sctQiei o avOpcovrog, ou yao the hours, for that is impossible, 

duvarov, «M ettei^yi at but because food is prepared 

rgoipa) rolgav9oco7roiga7ro for men according to the 

ruv u^cov 7roo[^ovrai. hours. 



XLIIi. HOW THEY DENOTE PURITY. 
(jlk . Hug dyXovaiv ayvEiav. 
'Ayveidv ds yoatpovrEg, To represent purity they 
7ru(> tea) uduo £uyoa<pov- delineate fire and wateii, 

This figure of a man with the emblem of life against his 
mouth is found ; and seems to he the figure alluded to. 



BOOK I. 65 



<riv' site) ha toutuv tuv because by these elements all 
<rToixEiuv, nag Ma6ap(jib$ purification is perfected. 
iKTEteTrai. 



XLIV. HOW THEY INTIMATE A THING UNLAWFUL, 

OR AN ABOMINATION. 



fjt.y. Hag alvirrovrai ccSe/jlitov, y kou [Auaog.* 

'ASe/jutov 3e $n\ouvTE$, To denote a thing unlaiv- 

r\ hoi puo-og,* ix$w £o>- ful, or an abomination, they 

yoatpouai, ha to t^v delineate a fish, because the 

toutqu f fipwcriv /juo-eToSou feeding upon fish is considered 

xau (AEfjuaoSai J h roTg in the sacred rites as abomina- 

tEfois' KEvoTToibv ya% lx$u$ ble, and a pollution : for every 

nag, kou aXXyhoipayov. fish is an animal that is a deso- 

lator [laxative as food?], and 

a devourer of its own species. 

Clemens states that the fish denotes hatred : and, accord- 
ing to Leemans,it is found in some inscriptions with 
that signification. 

* Treb. reads, and De Pauw. suggests, jxtaog. 
t Mor. Par A. B. C Leem. — tovtwv, Al. 
| fiefxidvOai, Mor. Aug. Par A. B. 



66 



HORAPOLLO. 



XLV. HOW THEY REPRESENT THE MOUTH. 



h 



Zto/xcc* $e yga(povTE$, To represent the mouth they 

o(piv £a)ypa<poii<riv' £7rEi$ri depict a serpent, because the 

o opig oifhv) ete^u rcov serpent is powerful in no other 

(aeXw icrxuEi, eI (Ay rep of its members except the 

TTOfMctri fxovov. mouth alone. 



HOW MANLINESS COMBINED WITH TEMPERANCE. 





jxt . n«f. avdgETov /jletoc aco(p0O(ruvr}$. 
'Av^eTov ($e /xetoc <ru- To denote manliness com- 

(p%Q<juvv<<, dyXoiivTEg, ruo- bined with temperance, they 
i. The commencement of numerous dedicatory inscrip- 
tions, generally interpreted " Sacred." — Sh. 509, 311. 
Does it signify things, or a tablet to " set up to, or in 
honour off 
II. Khem, one of the principal divinities, the god of gene- 
ration, his emblem was the bull. 
hi. Powerful. Compare the translation of the obelisk of 
Herraapion, Anc. Fr p. 169, with the square banners of the kings. 
* 'EoTutTCt 1 Things set up to? 



gov uyix. (puaiv e%ov7cc 
^uygoctpovai. ^e^/mzvtlxu- 
toctqv yag U7ra,gx £l T0 

%UOV KlXTtX (JLOplOV UCTTE 

CVKC& zlg ty\v SyiXekzv 
<pucriv KccQsig to lavrou, 
Ktxi dlxa Trao-yg mvwEug, 

(TTrtp/AoGoKEl' SOW $£ 7T0TE 

oia,[AX,()TY\ Tng (pucrscog, KOI 

Eig ETEgOV T07T0V TOU <7C0~ 
fXOiTOg TYig @QOS EgElCTVI TO 

odooiov, TOTYiweauTa rr? 
v7r£g£aXXouo~Yi svTovla * 

TlTpUCTKEl Tr\V SriXEHZV. 

aXhoc K.ai vutp^uv scrr), 

$101 TO lXYi^E7T0TE TOU §Y\- 
KEOg E7TlQa.ivElV [METCC TY\V 

auKhYl-^iv. 



delineate a bull that has a 
vigorous constitution. Calidis- 
simum enim est huic animali 
membrum, ita ut semel eo in 
fceminse vulvam immisso, vel 
absque ullo motu semen effu- 
tiat. Quod si quando a vulva 
vaccse aberrans, in alium cor- 
poris partem membrum inten- 
derit, turn ejus immodica in- 
tentione vaccatn vulnerat. 
Quin et temperans est : quippe 
cum nunquam post concep- 
tum, vaccam ineat. 



XLVII. HOW liEAlllNCi. 



jit,' . Ylug CXHOYJV. 

'Akoyiv $e y$a<povTEg, To denote hearing, they 

tocv^qu ut'iov gaygatipou- delineate the ear ofthebull, 
The bull's ear denotes hearing. — Champ. 
* Mor. Par A. B. vyiij. 
f Par A. B. C. Leem. kvrcvia. 



68 



HORAPOLLO. 



criv. E7TEi$av yap y\ Sriteta 
o^ycoaa Trgog avXkr\-^iv r\, 
ogya ^\ ou 7tXelov Pi k<p 
agag TgeTg, tote /xuxarai 
(jLEyuTToV ev alg /jlyi ttcc- 
gayivo/AEvou* rod Tav^ov, 
au/x^t/Ei rriv (pvcriv, frtxgt 
Trig ETEpag crvvooov' o oyi 

<T7TCtVlC0g yiVETOCl. aKOVEl 

yap b raijpog awo 7roKhoi) 
hatrrv/iarog. avvisig rsf 
ogyav, ha fyo/xou 7raga- 
yivETai h iri crvvov&ia, 
tovtq /j.6vov Traga tu 

ETEpa TUV £cOUV 7T01UV. 



for when the cow is desirous 
of conception, (and she con- 
tinues so for not longer than 
three hours together,) she ve- 
hemently lows, and if during 
this time the bull should not 
approach her, she reserves her- 
self till another meeting. This 
however rarely happens ; for 
the bull hears her from a great 
distance, and knowing that 
she is inflamed, he hastens to 
the meeting, and is the only 
animal that does so. 



XLVIII. HOW THE MEMBER OF A PROLIFIC MAN. 




fjLY] . Hug al^oTov avo^fog 7roKvy6vov. 
AldoTov 5e avfyog ttc- To denote the member of a 
hvyovou ^riXouvTEg, rpayov prolific man, they depict a 

The Mendesian goat appears to have been considered by 
Herodotus as sacred to Khem. The goat as well as 
the bull was an emblem of Siva. 
* Par C. Trapaycvofitvov. 

t Par A. B. C. Aid. Mer. Leem.— Aug. Hssch. De Pauw, T 6, 
but Do Pauw, su^'Pst.s r? to. 



69 



"pnuaiVy ouksti ds 
Tccupov. E7TElOr) ourog fXEV 
V>sX$ le > °v evixuatog ysvn- 
rai, ou $iGo,£ei' crptzyog 
OS EQoofxouog /xetoc rrjv 

ySVECTlV yEVOf/.EVO$ f QXEUEly 

ctyovov /j.sv nat, auTro^ov 
a,7TOKf>iv6(jt.Evog aw Eg pa, 

QlQcC^El ($£ 0/J.COg 7TgC0T0V 

ruv cchXcov £u)uv. 



ooat, and not a bull : ille 
enim antequam annum atti- 
gerit, coire non solet : hie sep- 
tem statim post ortum diebus 
congreditur, infoecundum et 
geniturae minime accommo- 
dum semen excernens. Prius 
tamen ac celerius cseteris ani- 
mantibus coit. 



XLIX. HOW THEY DENOTE IMPURITY. 




ydf . Hag !$Y[hQV(nv axcc9ctgai<zv. 

oaiav $e ypec- To denote impurity, they 
(povrsg, opvya* £uyga- delineate an oryx * (a species 
<pouaiv. E7TE^y\ E7r ava- of wild goat), because when 

i. The Oryx is found upon the monuments, but not 
explained. 

ii. A conical seal frequently appears in the hands of per- 
sons making oblations. Several with inscriptions on 
the base, as represented above, are in Dr. Lee's 
Museum. 



* Mor. Par A. B. Mer. Causs. oprvya, a quail. 



70 HORAPOLLO. 

Totojv k^xo^vy\<; t»jj cte- the moon rises, this animal 
Mvyg, xTEvl&v Elg ir\v looks intently towards the 
Oeovj Kgauynv Troisirai, goddess and raises an outcry, 
ovk euXoycov ai/TYiv, ou$e and that, neither to praise nor 
tfvpripittv' cnD/xeTov $s rou~ welcome her ; and of this the 
Toy kvaqyEo-Tarov. roTg proof is most evident, for it 
yap E/ATTpoo-Qioig avrou scrapes up the earth with its 
o-KEtecriv a,vo$v<T<jwv ?r)v fore legs, and fixes its eyes in 
yrjv, £ayga<pEi* lauTou the earth, as if indignant and 
rag no^ag, ao-TTEpe) aya- unwilling to behold the rising 
vctHTav, xai (ja) QouXofAEvog of the goddess. And it acts in 
t&Tv rm Trig Seou avaro- the same manner at the rising 
Mv. ra ¥ aura. ttoieT kou of (the divine star) the sun. 
iwi too fa'iov Seiou a<r- Wherefore the ancient kings, 
rgou-f avaroMg. o^oVfp when the Horoscopus apprised 
ol ap%axoi Qacntelg, too them of the rising of the moon, 
coqoo-KQTTov aypaivovTog placed themselves near this 
auToig rr)v avaroxh, etti- animal, and by observing the 
xaOlcravTEg toutu ra £cdu, middle of its operations, as- 
sise (jlsctou auToi/ySg tivm certained, as by a kind of 
yvu/xovcov, Triv Trig avaro- gnomon, the exact time of the 
Mg ajc^lCEtav kyvcopifa. rising. And hence the priests, 
ho na) ol hgElg touto [to- of all other cattle, eat this 
vov ruv xtwcov, acrpga- alone without being previously 
yi<nov\ EoSioucriv' EKEi^r) marked with the seal, inas- 
avTih>tiav\\ riva nfog rr)v much as it appears to enter- 
Seov kxov (paivErai. na\ tain a kind of aversion to the 

* De Pauw. suggests avvTpityf.i. 

t Treb. om. from Qtiov. — Mor. Aid. Mer. dirb. 

% Hsesch. Leem. — 7CTr\vCJv, Al. 

<$ Treb. om, II Par C. Aid. leave a lacuna. 



BOOK I. 71 

yap hoctoc tyjv epn/jtlav, ou goddess : and in the desert 

kav KocGyitcu ufyayooyou wherever it finds a watering 

TOTroVy TTiov toT$ %eiXe- place, after having drunk, it 

<riv* avaTaqaurarEi, nou stirs it up with its lips, and 

ixiyvusi tw ubani ty\v mingles the mud with the 

vMv t f toig o% Trotriv ei$ water, and throws dust into it 

at/To £7TL7r£fjt.7rEi koviv, with its feet, that it may be fit 

wpojTOj/ttjfovi 'sTSfu Cwa, for no other animal to drink ; 

tooto ttotl/xov v7roif%M. so malicious and odious has 

outco 7TovY)$a hoc) «w£%$jjj the nature of the Oryx been 

r\ too opvyog ho/iio-Sri considered. Nor does it act 

cpucng. ou$e ya.g oiitfe tqutq thus unmeaningly, because it 

HaQwovl EfyaZeTai, rrig is this same goddess who ger- 

Ssou auryjg 7ravra ywvco- minates and causes all things 

<mq hoc) au£avou<rYig o<ra whatsoever to increase that 

Kara rov Koa^ov icrr) are useful in the world. 



L. HOW A DISAPPEARANCE. 

v. Hag czpa.vio-fji.QV. 

'A<pa.viQ-(Aov Sfi ^r,\ouv- To denote a disappearance, 
reg, fxov ZooygapovcTiVj they delineate a mouse, be- 

No hieroglyphic of a mouse has yet been found. But 
Herodotus states, that when Sennacherib app'oached 
Egypt, the bowstrings of his army were destroyed by 
mice during the night, in consequence of which, he was 
defeated by Sethos, king of Egypt, to whom was erected 
a statue with a mouse in his hand, as an emblem of 

DESTRUCTION. 

* Bochart suggests ^jjXaTc. — Treb. em. 

t De Pauw suggests iXvv, mud, which Treb. reads. 

t Treb. impie. 



72 



HORAPOLLO. 



E7TEl$YI 7TiXVT0l EaQlCOV, (JUr 

aivEi na) a%()Y\<TT0i. tea 
abrco ok ain^Eia %otovrai 
hoc) Hglo-iv §eXovte$ y%a- 
•^ai. tto AAoSv yao na) o^ia- 

(pQ^UV aOTUV HEl/XEVCOVf b 

(jaj$ rov Hcc9aocoraTOV ab- 

TUV EHXe£o.(J(,£V0$ ECrBtEU 
010 na) TUV CXOTOHOTTCOV 

Hgicri$ ev roig (jujct) yiVErai. 



cause it pollutes and spoils all 
things by nibbling them. They 
also make use of the same 
symbol when they would de- 
note discernment, for when 
many different sorts of bread 
lie before him, the mouse se- 
lects the purest from among 
them and eats it. And hence 
the selection by the bakers is 
guided by mice. 



LI. HOW IMPUDENCE. 

va . IIwj ira/jLOTYiTa. 

'IrafAQTYiTa Sf o^y\7\ouv- To denote impudence, they 

te$, f^uTav Zcoygatpoucnv, represent a fly, for this, 

ring* avvExag EnGahXo- though perpetually driven 

/xsvYiy obdh yittov Traoa- away, nevertheless returns. 
ylvETai . 



HI. HOW THEY REPRESENT KNOWLEDGE. 

v0 . IlcZg yvucriv ^o)y^a(poiiai. 

Tvcoa-Lv ^£ yqa(povTE$, To represent knowledge, 

[Au^fAwa ZwyfacpoLxTLv. o they delineate an ant, for 
* ore, Al. 



yag av ao'tya'Kwg h^ih^yi 
avQpco7rog, obrog yivoiaun' 

OV fAOVOV $£,* (XKhCt KOil 

brt, Tra^a, to. 'srs^a. ruv 
£cocov, rig %£j/xwva tto^i^o- 
fxsvoq lavTco Tpo<p<xg, ov 

dia/AtZgTCCVEl TOO T07TOU, 

aKK <x7TTaicTTo; tig ocurbv 
7ra^ayiV£Tai. 



whatever a man may carefully 
conceal, this creature obtains 
a knowledge of; and not for 
this reason only, but also be- 
cause beyond all other animals 
when it is providing for itself 
its winter's food, it never de- 
viates from its home, but ar- 
rives at it unerringly. 



LI II. HOW THEY REPRESENT A SON. 




vy. Hug 

Tlbv 0*£ ^0V\6fX£V0l 

ypa.-^cci f %>iv«A(ij9rE## £w- 
yptxtyoucn. tovto yao to 

£0OOV <pi\0T£KVCOTaT0V V- 
7TCCfX £l ' K ^ V y^P tilOJKYITai 

7T0T£ rig to <ruMw<p§rivcci 
crov ToTg Twvoig, o, T£ 
7raTY\% xa) y ftviTYip av- 
Too-f auQoug£Toog fodoacriv 
lavToug ToTg xuvviyoig, 

I. The Goose signifies a 

the Sun, the common 

* Par B. leaves a lacuna. 



ulov ^uy^atpovaiv. 

When they would denote a 
son, they delineate a chena- 
lopex (a species of goose). 
For this animal is excessively 
fond of its offspring, and if 
ever it is pursued so as to be 
in danger of being taken with 
its young, both the father and 
mother voluntarily give them- 
selves up to the pursuers, that 

Son ; and with the globe, Son of 
title of the Pharaoh. 

t dvTiov, Par C. Leem. 



HOUAPOLLO. 



'o7rcog roc, tekvo, hacrco9n' their offspring may be saved ; 

57 y]V7T£o cuTtav roTg Al- and for this reason the Egyp- 

yv7rrloig gSbfe osQa^siv tians have thought fit to con- 

ro £aov. secrate this animal. 



LIV. HOW A FOOL. 

1/0 . Hag oivouv. 

UsXEHava $e ygatpov- When they depict a peli- 

tej, avow re rih xou can, they signify both a fool, 

a<pgova o-r)/j.aivouo-LV. I- and an idiot, because although 

tt£i$yi o*uva[AEvog ev ro\g like other winged creatures it 

u^Xorspoig TQTroig Kara- is able to deposit its eggs on 

T&Eo$ai ra iavrou aa, the higher places, it does not, 

ao-TTEf xou t« hoLTra rav but it merely scrapes up the 

TTETEivav, tovto ov Trots? earth and there lays its eggs. 

aXXa, ya$ xm avooufeg And the people observing this, 

yvjv, EXEixaTaT&ETou roc surround the place with dried 

y£vvu/j.Eva. oTrsp kviyvov- cows' dung, to which they 

rsg avfyuTToi, ra tottu apply fire. And when the 

@oog aQofeuftcc Znpov he- pelican sees the smoke, by en- 

firiQsao-iv, a xm ttvo deavouring to extinguish the 

i/TroGaXtouov* Seoura/AE- fire with its wings, she on the 

vog $e b tteXexcxv tov xan- contrary kindles it by their 

vov, rofg idiots TTTE^oTg motion : and thus, her wings 

@ouh6fAEvo$ ccttoo-Geo-m to being burnt by the fire, she 

vrufyEKTW ivavTicov xtxra easily becomes a prey for the 

* Mor. Par A. iTrtfitaWovci. 



BOOK J. 15 

tyiv xlvwiv e^utttei auro' fowlers. And because it enters 

v<p ou KaTaKai6(/.£vo$ * into the contest simply for the 

ra loivxov TTTEga, euo-vX- sake of its young, the priests 

TwrToregos roTg xuvnyoig consider it unlawful to eat it. 

ylvETcu. 37 w alriav ovk. But the rest of the Egyptians 

£vofjt,i(r6y Ecr9tEiv toug h^sag eat it, alleging that the pelican 

czutov, etteiI&i a7ra^a7rKuig does not enter into the contest 

u7T£g texvcov ttoieTtcci tqv with discretion, as do the 

ocyuva' AlyuTrricov $e 61 geese, but with folly. 
Xoi7rof\ EtrQiou<Ti) hsyov- 
Tsg y on /j,y] Kara vouv ryv 
y.tx%Y\v, uo-TTEp oi x^vaXu- 
TTEKEg, aXKtx Kara avoiav\ 

7TEhEKCXV TTOlEnai* 



LV. HOW THEY REPRESENT GRATITUDE. 

ve . Hoog evx^io"tiixv o%Xou<ri, 

Eux^io-riav ygotipov- To represent gra tit tide, they 

TEg f Kouhovipav £coyga- delineate a cucupha, because 

cpovai' diori tovto (jlovov this is the only one of dumb 

tuv aXoyoov £auv etteio^ccv animals, which, after it has 

v7ro rcov yovEcov EKi^a<p^, been brought up by its parents, 

The top of the sceptre placed in the hands of the gods is 
ornamented with a crested head which appears to be 
that of some beast, but was evidently considered by Ho- 
rapollo to be the Hoopoo of Egypt. See Ch. 8. and 
title page. 

* Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. KciTaKaiop,iva. 
t Par C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. 7roXXoi 
% Par A. B. Mor. Haescli. — ivvoiav, Al. 



76 



II0RAP0LL0. 



yygao-ao-iv auroTg tyiv ab- repays their kindness to them 

rriv avrairoftftao-i xapw. when they are old. For it 

kv a ya$ v7r auTuv If £- makes them a nest in the place 

T(>a,<py] toko), vsoacriav where it was brought up by 

auroig 7roiri<7ag } TiXX£L ocu- them, and trims their wings, 

rm rot 7TT£ga, rgopag* and brings them food, till the 

re xogyysT, f*EX$*G °v parents acquire a new plu- 

7TTEfo$w<ravTEs ol yovsTg, mage, and are able to assist 

(3oyi9e7v lavTois duvYiQooo-iv. themselves : whence it is that 

oQevhcu toovSeiwv o-Krm- the Cucupha is honored by 

rgcov KQUKou<p(X7r()oTi(Awi<; being placed as an ornament 

io-Ti. upon the sceptres of the gods. 



LVI. HOW AN UNJUST AND UNGRATEFUL MAN. 




vr . TioJg awiHOV, km ccxaoio-iov. 

"Afrinov tie km «%a^- To symbolize an unjust and 

arov, tTTTTOTTOTafAov ovu- ungrateful man, they depict 

%a; 3vo, Kara @Xe7T0vtm;, two claws of an hippopota- 

ygatpouriv. ovrog ya,^ b mus turned downwards. 

i. ii. Typhonian figures. 

it. Has the body of an hippopotamus. 

* Par C. Aid. rpvfyag. t Par A. B. C. Leem. insert ini. 



77 



i YiXiHia. ysvo/xEVog, tteipoI^ei 
rov war spa f 7Totepov wo- 
ve Iv/jjEi /j.ax6fjt.EV0$ Traog 

■ aurov. hou lav /j.ev 6 

, 7T0C.Ty)p EXXufay, T07T0V 

■ auru (AEpiaag, ovrog 7rpog 
tyiv lavrou wrspa km- 
yaixov Wei, hou ha. toutov 

$Y}V' Etcfe fMYl ETTITOE-^EIEV* 
aUTCO 7TOlY\0-(X<T§Ca TTPOg 
TYIV [A7ITEPCC yOLfAOV, OiVOUpsT 
aUTOVj {XVO^PElOTEPOg HOU 
UKIAOUOTEPOg U7TaPXW. Eig 
OS TO HCCTCOTOtTOV /XEPOg 

ovvx&<; $vo i7T7ro7roroijuou, 

Q7TC0g 01 tXV§P607T0t TQUTO 

bpcovrsg, hou rov ttep\ au- 

TOU XoyOV ETTiyiVUO-HQVTEg, 
7rp0§Ufjc6TEP0t Eig EUEPyE- 
(TICXV U7T(XPXtoO~l. 



For this animal when arrived 
at its prime of life contends in 
fight against his father, to try 
which is the stronger of the 
two, and should the father give 
way he assigns him a place of 
residence, permitting him to 
live, and consorts himself with 
his own mother; but if his 
father should not permit him 
to hold intercourse with his 
mother, he kills him, being 
the stronger and more vigorous 
of the two. And they make 
use of the lowest parts of the 
hippopotamus, the two claws, 
that men seeing this, and un- 
derstanding the story of it, 
may be more inclined to kind- 
ness. 



'nriTptyu, Aid. Mer. Leem. 



78 



HORAPOLLO. 



LVII. HOW ONE WHO IS UNGRATEFUL TO HIS 
BENEFACTORS. 

v£'. Hag axapicrrov Trgog roug eoojtov eusgyETOcg. 



'A%agi<rrov xou paxi- 
fxov * rotg eauTQV EuspyE- 
raig o-y/AaivovTEg, tteqi- 
(TTBpav £uygapouo~iv. b 
yaq aoow l<rxupoTEgog 
yEvofAEVog, o^iuxei tqv lav- 
tou TraTEga <xtto rrjg 
(AY\r%og f xou ourcog ai/Ty 
TTpog ytkfjLOv (A,io-yET<xi. xa- 
6agov 0*E TOUTO to £uov 
uiroifX eiv doxsr ETTEidr) 
oucryg Xoi/j.cob^oug xccTa- 
<rTa<rEag, xou navTog e/x- 
•]sux ov T£ *«' a-^vx ou 
vocrcoocog oiari9E/j.Evou ) Tobg 
EcrQiovrag rovro (xovov, ov 
fjLETahatfJtfiavEi'f Trig tol- 
aurrig xaxiccg. foowEf xarf 
exeTvqv tqv xouoqv, oudh 

ETEgOV TU @a,<Tl\Ei EV TpO- 

(prjg fXEOEi TragaT&ETcu, si 
* Treb. om. 



To signify a man that is 
ungrateful and quarrelsome 
with his benefactors, they de- 
lineate a dove, for when the 
male becomes the stronger, he 
drives his father away from his 
mother, and mates himself with 
her. This creature however 
seems to be pure, because 
when any pestilential epidemic 
rages, and every thing, animate 
and inanimate, sickens with 
disease, those persons alone 
who feed upon this bird do 
not share in so great a cala- 
mity. Wherefore during such 
a time nothing is served up to 
the king as food except the 
dove alone. And the same 
food is served up to those who 
are under a course of purifi- 

t iJiETakaiiflavEtv'*. 



fXYI /XOVOV TTEpKTTepa. TO 

o*£ avTQ xai f Totg sv ay- 
VEiotig oucri, $ia to uTnipE- 
teTctSixi Totg SsoTg. Ictto- 

fElTM $£, OTl OV %OXy)V 
£%£< TQUTO TO £COOV. 



lOOK I. 79 

cation, that they may minister 
to the gods. It is likewise 
reported that this creature has 
no gall. 



LVI1I. HOW AN IMPOSSIBILITY. 




vy] . U£g to aduvaTov yEvsoSat. 

'Aouvcltov $e yEVEoScci To signify an impossibility, 

ariftaivovTEg, Tro^ixg avfyw- they represent a man's feet 

ttov kvvbari 7T£gi7raToiiv- walking on the water ; or 

Tag frygatpouaiv *j kcli when they would signify the 

aXXug ^ouXofjLEvoi to olvto same thing differently, they 

o-Yi/ualvEiv, axi$ahov av- delineate a headless man 

SgcoTTov 7rE^i7ra,TovvTa walking. And since these 

£uy$a<pou<riv. Sco^uvcxtoc $e are both impossibilities, they 

afxtpoTE^a. u7ragx ovra ) nave with good reason selected 

EvXoyag Eig tovto ttoc^ei- them for this purpose. 
M<pao-i. 

Well known hieroglyphics not yet interpreted. Ihe 
second is from the ceiling of the Ramesseion. 

t Par A. B. C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. om. 



HO It APOLLO. 



LIX. HOW A VERY BAD KING. 





v(f. Hug Qacntea. kcckkt-tov. 

BacriXsa $£ xaxurrov* To denote a very had [a 

\_Ka,?0\i<rTov1 KgaTio-rovl] very good ? a very powerful ?] 

dyXouvrEg, o(piv (ay pa- king, they depict a serpent 

<pov<ri Hocr/xosidag Ecr^y- in the form of a circle, whose 

(Aario-fAEvov, ov ttjv ovpav tail they place in his mouth, 

ev tw (tto/juzti woioStri' and they write the name of 

to o*£ ovofxa tov @acriteug the king in the middle of the 

ev [XEcru ru elydyfian coil, intimating that the king 

y(>a<povcriv, alvirro/xEvoi governs the world. The ser- 

y(>a(pEiv f rbv (ZaaiXEa tgu pent's name among the Egyp- 

koct^ov xgaTEW. ro 5e tians is Meisi. 
bvo/xa rou btpsag Trap Ai- 

yU7TTl0ig ECTTl (AEICTI.* 

I. An oval decorated with the basilisks, containing the 

prenomen of Amunoph III. 
ii. A plain oval containing the name of Ramesses II. 

' Amun me Ramses.' The oval is considered to have 

been originallu a serpent coiled. 

* tcapivrov, Aid. — Pier, mentions a reading - kuWmttoi'. — De 
Pauw. proposes apirrrov. — Merc. KparuTTOv. 



BOOK I. 81 

LX. HOW A VIGILANT KING. 



f . Hug (3ao-iXsa Qu^ana. 

'Et££>w£ $e fiaaiXsa (pu- And otherwise to denote a 

"kaua dyXo'uvTEg, tov /j,ev vigilant king, they depict the 

ocpiv kypy\yo^6ra ^uy^a- serpent (upon the watch), 

tpooaiv' ccvt) tie too ovo- and in the place of the king's 

fjLcxrog tov fiacriteag, (pu- name they depict a watcher : 

haxa Zcoypa<pou(nv. ovTog for he is the guardian of the 

yap <pu?\a% far) tou irav- whole world ; and the king 

Tog Koo-fxou. na) \xa<r- ought to be vigilant every- 

tote tov fiao-iXsa. ette- where. 
ygriyogov Eivai. 

LXI. HOW THEY DESIGNATE A RULER OF THE WORLD. 



@1[^ 



|a'. Hug (jwvuoucri xoa/AOKgaTo^a. 
Ha^iv <& tov fiao-itea Again when they would 

i. After the king's name has been once or twice given in 
an inscription, a serpent seems to he sometimes sub- 
stituted. 

ii. From Belzoni's tomb. 

in. Golden house or palace. — Sh. 380. 

iv. King's house or palace. — Sh. 379. 

v. God's house or temple. — Sh. 371. 



»2 HOR APOLLO. 

xocrfAOHgaropa vofxt^ovTsg signify and designate a king 

nai fAYivuovreg, aurov /j,ev who rules the world, they 

o<piv£uygaq>oS(riv £v /jleo-u delineate the same serpent, 

$£ ai/Tou, oihov fjLsyav and in the middle thereof they 

"Szmvvoucriv suhoycog. o yap represent a large house, and 

Qaai'KEiog olnog, 7ra% au- with reason for the royal abode 

tqv - - sv tw Koafm* from him in the 

world. 

LXII. HOW A PEOPLE OBEDIENT TO THEIR KING. 



£0. Hag Xaov 7T£i%viov f3a<rite7. 

Aaov TTgog (3<zctlXecc To denote a people obedient 

ttei%vlov ty\XovvTEg } [me- to their king, they depict a 

Xiaaav £coypa<pou<ri. km bee, for this is the only one 

•yaffMvovTuvaMavZauv, of all creatures which has a 

@ct<ri'hEO(, exeij u to Xqittov king whom the rest of the tribe 

tuv lAEXiao-wETTETaiTrTty- of bees obey, as men serve 

6og, hccQo Hoci ol avfyomoi their king. And they inti- 

vrsfaovTou @cco-iXe7. alvir- mate from the honey's 

rovrai h*s eh. ryjg tov /ae- - -.'- - from the force of the 

Mrogf ex rrjg too creature's sting that 

Champollion interprets this as ' King of an obedient peo- 
ple;' Sharpe, as ' King of Upper and Lower Egypt.' — 
Sh. 417. 419. 

* Treb. om. from 6 yap. 

t Aid. Mer. xp^VTornroQ icat in margin. 



BOOK r. 83 

Ksvrqou too £coou o^uvcc- - - - - should be both lenient 
fxecogf - - - x^vtov and firm in - - - - and ad- 
afxa xa) evtovov thai ministration. 

7TgO$l - HCXl «e/«UO"IV.§ 

LXIII. HOW A KING WHO GOVERNS A PART OF THE 
WORLD. 

|y'. Ylcog ficcviXEa, fME^oug hqct/xou fc^ccrouvra. 

Bacrihsa, £e ob tou When they would symbolize 
TravTog hoct/jcou Kgarouv- a king who governs not all 
ra, fXEpoug $e, fioVhofxEvoi but a part of the world, they 

OTtlfMVOU, VfA,lT0fX0V QtplV depict HALF A SERPENT. For 

Zoyqa<pQuov $y\\qvvte<; by this creature they denote 

rov fxh @a<n\Ea ha too a king, and by half of it, that 

£0000' yi/mto/aov 3e, on ob he is not king over all the 

tou TravTog h.6o-/aou. world. 



LXIV. HOW ONE WHO GOVERNS ALL THINGS.* 

%¥. Tlug 7ravTox.ga,ioga.* 

UavToxpaToga tie eh They symbolize one who 
Trig too (aou TEXEicocrEag governs all things by the per- 

t Aid. Mer. (5aai\ea in margin. 

X Mer. leaves no lacuna. — Aid. elvai - irpbq. — Par. A. B. 

XptjrrTOV slvai dfia Kal evtovov. 

§ Treb. om. from aivixTovrai. 

* See the winged globe and serpent in the frontispiece, which is 
called Agathodaemon, and is said to signify the spirit that pervades 
the universe. See also the Egg and Serpent in JL J 1. I. 



84 IIORAPOLLO. 

oy}fialvou<ri f ttocXiv tov feet form of the same animal, 

bxoH.M$ov o<piv £coyga- again depicting the entire 

(pouvrsg. outu %ap ai/roTi serpent : for amongst them 

rod Travrog koo-(jlou to it is the spirit that pervades 

tiYiKOv scrr) TrvEUfta. || the universe. 



HOW A FULLER. 



|e'. Hug yvatpsa.* 

Tvotipsa* 5e dyXouvrsg, To denote a fuller, they 

duo Trodag dvfyuTTou h depict the two feet of a man 

udari ^ypafpovau rouro in water, and they depict this 

tie, a,7TQ rvg rou sgyou-f from the resemblance of the 

b/xoioTmog oyXoucri. work. 



LXVI. HOW A MONTH .| 

cir' , Tiug (jLYiva.% 

Mrjvcc Se ypapovTss, To represent a month, they 

o-e^YivYig o-xti/jia, xa&o kcu depict as before explained the 

wpQXEiTcu, £%ov siKoai kou figure of the moon when it has 

ohtu hftepag iayifAEgivag attained the age of eight and 

fiovotf, i% sixoo-iTEa-tragcov twenty days of equal lengths, 

ufuv Trig r]fjLEpa; uTrctp- each day containing twenty- 

|| Treb. om. from ovtoj. 

* -ypcKpea., Par B. C. — Qy. Kneph, the spirit pervading the uni- 
verse, and moving on the water. See Chaps. 25 and 58. 
t Par A. B. Pier. Leem. — tpfiov, Al. 
X Treb. om. this chap. — See illustrations of Chap. 4. 



BOOK I. 86 

Xoueng ^ay^a<povai 7 ho$ four hours, for during these it 

ag na) (xvocteXKei' iaig di is apparent, and in the re- 

XoiTraTg fruOjk ev $uctei maining two it is in a state of 

scrrL evanescence. 



LXV11. MOW A RAPACIOUS, OR PROLIFIC, OR FURIOUS 
MAN. 



f^. Hag a^Traycc, 

"AfTraya c^e, r\ ttq^u- 
yovcv, r) /xaivo/xEvov fiouXo- 

fJLEVOl (TYlfJLvivai, HpOKO^ElXOV 

£coypa<poiicri, $ia to, tto- 
Xuyovov* HOi) TTOhUTEKVOV 
U7ragx £ i v Hal {ActivofAEVov. 
£7rav yag agTraarai r) 

@0UX0fJLEV0g (XTTOTUXy, §u- 

(AuQeig, xa§' aviou /xixive- 

TCCi. 



Yl TTOhvyOVOV, Yl jXaiVO^EVOV. 

When they would symbolize 
a rapacious, or prolific, or fu- 
rious man, they delineate a 
crocodile, because it is pro- 
lific [?], and fertile in offspring, 
and furious. For if it fails in 
its intention of seizing any 
thing it rages in anger against 
itself. 



LXVlII HOW SUNRISE. 

|>/. Hug tXVOt.TQ'hYW. 

'AvaroMv <5e teyovTsg, To express sunrise they de - 
Suo QtpQoihfxoug k^ohqSei'Xqu pict the two eyes of \ cuo- 

§ Par A. B. om. 

'* De Pauw suggests 7to\vktovov or ttoXv^ovov. — Leein. iro- 
XvQavov. 



86 



H0RAP0LL0. 



ZayfaQouaiv. ETrsidriTrEg* codile, because of the whole 

Travrog cra/xotTog £aou ol body of the animal its eyes 

otpSa.'hiAo) be roo $v§ou glare conspicuously from the 

xvatpaivovrai. deep. 



LXIX. HOW SUBSET. 




|$'. Hag ducriv. 

Aucriv 5s teyovrEg, k^o- To denote sunset, they re- 
xoSeiXov KEKupoTcc £coyga- present a crocodile tending 
(povai. abiQTQKQv\ yag downwards, for this animal 
Kcxi. HarufpEplg ro &ov. is self productive [?] and in- 
clining downwards. 

This illustration is from the descent in Belzoni's tomb. 
The central group is connected with the sun, and the 
stags' heads appear to be emblems of eternity, or reno- 
vation. See PL II. and also Book II. Chap. 21. 

* Gesner. Bochart. De Pauw. sug. iirtiZr) wpb. 
t Gesner. sug. Karo)7rbv. — Causs. avroicvTrTov. — De Pauw. 
avTotcvtyov, self bending. 



LXX. HOW THEY SHADOW FORTH DARKNESS. 



* * 




Hag ama^ovai crnorog. 



Uxorog tie XsyovTEg, 
xgOKO$EiXou ouqav £coyf<z- 
<povaiv' £7rei^ri ova aXXag 
slg a<pavi<T/j.ov nat a,7ru- 
teiav (pepti b K^OHOO^siXog 
ou hav XaQviroci £coou, si 
fxh TV ouga TJ? lavrou $1- 
ewXwtttras a/rowQvX 7ra- 
pacrxsuao-ei. Iv tovtu yag 
ru (AS^El r\ too KgOHodsl- 
Kou lo"X^g koci av^eia 



To denote darkness, they 
represent the tail of a cro- 
codile, for by no other means 
does the crocodile inflict death 
and destruction on any animal 
which it may have caught, 
than by first striking it with 
its tail, and rendering it inca- 
pable of motion : for in this 
part lies the strength and 
power of the crocodile. And 
now, though there are other 



i. The illustration is from Belzoni's tomb. There are 
properly 12 figures of each side of the crocodile ; re- 
presenting the hoars of the day and night. 

II. The fig. beneath certainly signifies darkness ; and is 
supposed to represent the end of a crocodile's tail. 

X arovov, Aid. Mer. Leein. 



38 HORAPOLLO. 

uKKw v7ta.%xQYro)v <jr r appropriate symbols deducible 

(AEiav, h ry ruv h^okq- from the nature of the cro- 

3e/awv (puati, aviaqun roc, codile, those which we have 

doiavra. Iv tw TTpeoru mentioned are sufficient for the 

<ruyy(>af/.fAOtTi eItteTv. first Book. 



TiXoQ TOV 7TpU)T0V j5ij3\iov. 
END OF THE FIRST BOOK. 



HORAPOLLO. 

BOOK II. 



QPAflOAAQNOS NEIAQOY 
IEPOrAY^IKA 

A ESHNErKE MEN AYT02 AUTIITIAI *QNHI, 

METE$PA2E AE *IAIIIII02 EI2 THN 

EAAAAA AIAAEKTON. 



THE HIEROGLYPHICS OF 
HORAPOLLO NILOUS 

WHICH HE PUBLISHED IN THE EGYPTIAN TONGUE, 

AND WHICH PHILIP TRANSLATED INTO 

THE GREEK LANGUAGE. 



HORAPOLLO. 

BIBAION AEYTEPON. 
BOOK II. 



Aia tie Trig $EUTEpa$ 
7Tfay/j.aTEiM; f TTEgi ruv 
Xoittcov rov Xoyov uyiri crot 
hstpowTYi<TQf&af a ($E KM 
i| uKkw avTiygatyav, 
ovk £%ovTa tivcc k^nyyatv, 
ccvayKMccg U7rsra,^a. 



In this second part of the 
work , I shall present you with 
the complete treatise of the 
remaining subjects : and some 
also from other writings, which 
have no explanation, I have 
deemed it requisite to subjoin. 



I. WHAT THEY SIGNIFY BY DEPICTING A STAR. 

a. T7 acTTE^a ypaQovTEg chihovcriv. 

'Ao-tyi? 7rcc$' AiyuTr- When a star is depicted by 

rloig ypapo/AEvog, ttoie the Egyptians, it sometimes 

IAEv$Eovf aYifjuxlvsi, noTE symbolizes God, sometimes 

3e feiXyv,X 7TQTE $e vuktu, evening, sometimes night, 

ttote $e xpovov, ttote $e sometimes time, and some- 

■^vxw ccvBpu7rou ccppEvog. times the soul of a male man. 

i. The Star signifies God. See Book I. c. 13. 
f Aid. om. + Aid. Mer. Treb. and F. om. 



94 HORAPOLLO. 

II. WHAT BY AN EAGLET. 

@ . Tj avrou vEocraov.% 

Kou ocetou vEOtrcrov, ap- An eaglet symbolizes 

fsvoyovov hou fcunXcoYi^ov something prolific of males, 

<jY\f*(xivEi,\\ y) o-TTEffjLot. av- or of a circular form, or the 

$pco7tou. seed of man. 



III. WHAT BY TWO FEET CONJOINED AND ADVANCING. 

y. TV $uo Trodag cruvYiyfxsvou^ xou fisGmoTag. 

Avo TTofog o-uvnyfAEvort Two feet conjoined and 

mou QeGwotes, fyo/Aov h- advancing, symbolize the 

'Xiov tov ev Tcug xEiyiE^'i- course of the sun in the winter 

vaig* T^oTrai; o-yifxalvoucri. solstice. 

in. See Book I. c. 58. 

§ Treb. omits this chapter. 

II (rrj/jL Par A. B. — Aid. Mer. leave a lacuna. 

% (Tvvrjyofievovg and (rvv^yofisvoi, Aid. Mer. — ffvvrjfxfxevoi or 
<svvy\\itvoi, Par. C. — Pier. ment. the reading iroXvirodtg ovvqp- 
yo/Asvoi. De Pauw. sug. crvveipyfisvoi. 

* Aug. Aid. Mer. Leem. — xeifiepiaig, Al. 



IV. WHAT BY THE HEART OF A MAN SUSPENDED 
BY THE WINDPIPE. 




o. Tj txv8pcu7rou KixpSiav tyotpvyyoc, ypry/AEvriv. 
'Av§fa,7rou xaedlaQa- The heart of a man sus- 



puyyo; YiPTYifxevYi, ccyo&ou PENDED BY THE windpipe 
<xvBpco7Tou crroixa o-yi/jlm- signifies the mouth of a good 



HOW THEY DENOTE THE FRONT OF BATTLE. 



(6\ 




k. Yiug TTOhifMOU (TTOfJia.f 

TloKeftouo-TopadYiXooo-LV The hands of a man, one 

avQpuTrov x £ ?? e S Zcoyoa- holding a shield and the 

Qou/jlevcu, y) (jl\v oWhov other a bow, when delineated, 

KPccToo<r<z, yi 3e to|ov. denote the front of battle 

iv. The first signifies Good, and seems to be the hiero- 
glyphic referred to, but mistaken for the other. It 
is a musical instrument. 

v. Victorious. Sh. 

f Treb. om. this chap. 



96 HO R APOLLO 



VI. WHAT BY A FINGER. 
T . T* OCCKTVXOV. 

'AvSguTrou aro/xaxov A finger denotes the sto- 
<hi\oi cfcijiTuhos.l macli of a man. 



VII. QUID PENIS MANU COMPRESSA. 

AlftoTov x* l p l x-^octou- Penis manu compressa de- 

(JL2VQV, <ru(p$ocruvY\v cbihoT notes continence in a man. 

ccvSpcottou. 



VIII. HOW THEY DENOTE DISEASE. 

Y] '. Jlug vocrov (biKoiiaiv.^ 

"AvSyi 3e avepcovrig, The flowers of the ane- 

vocrov av§pu7rou ari/xalvEi. mony denote disease of a 

man. 



% Klap. sug. SaicrvXiog. " A ring." 
§ Par. B. om. this chap. 



97 



IX. HOW THE LOINS OF A MAN. 

$'. Hag oaQuv av§ga>7rou. 

^Ocnpuv, jj crTa<riv\\ av- When we would denote the 

§gh7rou @ouh6(A£voi£aygct- loins or the constitution of a 

<peiv, to vcoriaiov 6<rTouv man we depict the backbone ; 

y%a<po(ji.zv. tivs$ yag Xe- for some hold that the seed 

yovai to a-TTs^a ekeIQev proceeds from thence. 
QepEo-Qai. 



HOW THEY SYMBOLIZE PERMANENCY AND SAFETY. 






Heog hafJLOVYiv kou acr<ptx\Eiav (rv\(JLaivovariv. 

"O^ruyo;^ octteov £co- The bone of a quail when 

yga<poi/fAEvov, 'biaixovrw kocI delineated symbolizes perma- 

ao-tpateiavo-YifAatvEi'hoTi nency and safety; because 

^uo-ttccQe; £<rri to rou £coou the bone of this animal is dif- 

oVteov. ficult to be affected. 



i. The quail. 

ii. Signifies " Good." Sh. 625. 
in. Bone with flesh upon it is common 
" Son." Sh. 1012. 



Probably 
Haesch. Pier. De Pauw. siig. opvyoc- 



98 H0RAP0LL0. 

XI. HOW CONCORD. 

la. Hug bfxovoiav. 

"AvSgUTTOl $U0 $£%10U- TWO MEN JOINING THEIR 

/abvoi,* bfjtovoiav $Yihou<Ti. right hands denote concord, 

XII. HOW A CROWD. 



10. Ha; bx^ov. 

*Avfyco7ro$ KaBuwhur- An armed man shooting 

(jlevo$, na\ toZeuuv, oxfiov with a bow denotes a crowd 

orifiaivEi. f [troop or army ?] 



XIII. HOW ADMEASUREMENT. 

iy . Ha; a.va(M£T^Y\criv. 

'AvfyaTTov SomtuKo;, The finger of a man de- 
txva/AETpyo-iv (TYifxaiVEi. notes admeasurement. 

xii. This signifies soldiers. — Sh. 988, 910. Perhaps 
an army. Sh. 

* Cl^lOVflEVOl, Al. 

t dnXoi, Par A. B. Aug. Leem. 



9f> 



XIV. HOW A WOMAN PREGNANT. 

j£'. Hug yvvouKoc syxvov. X 

Tuvoana eyicuGv* @ou- When they would denote a 

Xofxevoi dyXuaai, Wow woman pregnant , they por- 

kukXov <tvv a<TTEgi f /jura tray the orb of the sun with 

tjA/ot/§ ftlCTKOU £/%« T£- A STAR AND THE SUN'S DISK 

T/XYI/A.EVOU, O-nfACtlVOUCTlV. BISECTED. 



XV. HOW WIND. 

IE. Hug aVE/JLOV. 

Triv avaroXriv Ufai; A hawk soaring on high 

ett) (MEiEupou §Euv y avE- towards the east, signifies the 

fx,oug <rr)/xalv£i. eti tea) winds; [the spirit or soul?] 

cixhug,^ lkpa% harera- and again otherwise, a hawk 

fXEvog t«j TTTEpuyag h with its wings expanded in the 

aE(>i,olov7rT£guy<zgEXCi)v f * air symbolizes the wind, as 

avE/xov a-YifJtalvsi. having wings. 



xv. See B. I. c. 6, and 7. 

$ Aug. Par A. Leem. — eyyvov, Al. § Aid. has an asterisk. 

f 7rw£ Toavrb, Aug. — Par A. B. om. 

* Leem. has received ixovra, which Mer. sug. — Treh. om. from 



100 IIOR APOLLO. 

XVI. HOW FIRE, 
if . 11(0$ 7rV{3. 

Kanvos slg oupavh Smoke ascending towards 
avafictlvuv, ttu^ drihoT. heaven denotes fire. 

XVII. HOW A WORK. 

i?. Yiag 'igyov. 

Boo; f tzppevog xspa; A bull's horn when de- 

y^ccfpofxEvoVy sgyov o~r\fxai- picted signifies work. 

VEl. 

XVIII. HOW PUNISHMENT. 



IYI. Tlu$ TTOIVYIV. 

Boo;X 3c Sytetas xegas A cow's horn when de- 
yqaQofiEvov, ttoivyiv ay)- picted signifies punis hm en i. 

fxaivEi. 

xvm. The Horns are used as the syllable " An,'' as in 
Anepo. 

t to, Par C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. Treb. 
J to, Par C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. Treb. 



101 



XIX. HOW IMPIETY. 




iv. Hug avoaioTYirct, 

UpoTOfiri auv (Maxai^ct A bust portrayed with a 
yqaQoiAEvn avocrioTYiTa sword denotes impiety. 



XX. HOW AN HOUR [EXECRATION ?]. 




x . Hag u$uv.\ 

^iTTTTog TTura/xiog y%a- A river horse when de- 
,tpoix£vog u%<xv% d'vXo'i. lineated, denotes an hour. 

xix. Not ascertained. 

xx. Commonly found near Osiris in the judgment 
scenes. Qy. 

$ Causs. sug, apav, A curse. — De Pauw. <f,66oav, Destruction. 



102 



I10RAP0LL0. 



XXI. HOW ANYTHING OF LONG DURATION. 
K(X. IlcOf 7T0Ay%p0Vi0V.|| 

"Ehapog kut hiauTov A stag shoots its horns 

fazo-ravEi ra KEfara' every year, and when de- 

Zooygatpou/xEvy §£, ttoKv- picted, signifies anything of 

X^oviov (rn/xaivEi. long duration. 



XXII. HOW AVERSION. 
X0. Yia; (ZTTOCTTgOtpYIV. 
AuXOg, Yj XUOOV a,7TE<T- A WOLF OR A DOG AVERTED 

Tga(AfAEvo$, cc7rocrTpo(pyiv denotes aversion. 



xxi. Several inverted stags' heads alternating with hiero- 
glyphics, are delineated in the judgment scene, where 
they seem to have some connexion with duration, per- 
haps eternity. See PI. 3. and B. I. c. 69. 

Par. A. B. Pier. 7ro\vxp6via. 



XXIII. HOW A FUTURE ACT. 



Tl 



ny. Tlcog (aeKKov spyov* 

'Axori £ooyp(z<pou(jt.£vn } An ear when delineated 
u'eXXov epyov a-^atvEi. symbolizes a future act. 



XXIV. HOW A MURDERER, OR THE BLOOD OF A 
CROCODILE. 

k$' . Ylcog (povsoCy y\ al/xa KpoKQ^siXou. 

2,<pY)% aEgOTTETYlS, YITOl f A WASP FLYING IN THE AIR 

otlfxa xpoKohlxou (3xa7r- signifies either the noxious 
tmqv, Pi <povEa.\ cry/Actl- bloodof a crocodile, oramwr- 
vei. derer. 

he. Hut; Stzvarov. 
NuHTDtopat; Savarov A night raven signifies 
<rr)/j,<xivEi. txtpvco yap ETTEg- death ;§ for it suddenly poun- 

xxiii. Immortal or Eternal. Sh. 318. Qy. Extension in 
time. The coil may have been mistaken by Horapollo 
for an ear. 

* Treb. om. chap, xxiii. 

t 77 to 1 $ Vat. Leem. — §bvov, Al. 

§ Qy. Erebus'? The Hebrew word my, ereb, signifies either 






104 



IIORAPOLLO. 



Xsrcci roig vso<r<ro7g rcov ces upon the young of the 

Kogcovuv I nara. rag vine- crows by night, as death sud- 

rexg, cog o Savarog atpva denly overtakes men. 

ETTBpXETai. 



XXVI. HOW LOVE. 




/ft 



kt. Hug Egara. 



A noose denotes love as . 



Ucxyig Egoora cog §yi- 

gav || SavcxT .... TEpov, 

cxe()cx cry](xcxivEi ov ? 

mov. 

i. A prisoner handcuffed. Horapollo seems to have 
confounded the handcuff with the mouth in the next 
expression, which Mr. Wilkinson considers to signify 
" beloved." 
ii. in. iv. v. vi. Also signify beloved. 
Erebus darkness, or the Nightraven, and it appears by Damascius, 
that the Sidonians substituted this bird as an emblem of Erebus. — 
An. Frag. p. 319. 

% Par C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Caus. Treb. om. 

|| . . . tov dspa on}iaivii, Aid. Mer. Pier, who also mentions, 
TCTspbv aspa. — Oavarov . . . rspbv aspa arjfiaivti, — bv vibv, 
Par A. B. w v\6v . . . tov aspa arjfiaivsi . . . tov vwv Par O 
— Treb. Laqueus amorem significat. " A noose signifies love." 



XXVII. HOW THE MOST ANCIENT. 



Aoyoi net) (pvxxcc, yi Words and leaves or a 
QiQkIov Ecrpoayio-fABVoVf sealed book denote the most 

TraXaioTocTov ^Ko7. ancient. 



HOW A SIEGE. 



HYI. TLou$% VTOhlOgxiotV. 

KxlftaZ, TroXiopmav, A ladder signifies a siege 

ha to * avafxaxov. by reason of its inequality [?]. 

xxvu. The Papyri are found tied up, and sealed with clay 

above the knot. 
xxviii. A kind of toiver frequently found in battle scenes. 

<|[ Aid. Mer. insert rroiei. — Mer. ttoiovgi, in margin. 
* De Pauw. sug. /cot/'. 



106 HORAPOLLO. 



XXIX. HOW INFINITE, OR A SONG, OR FATE. 



nnnn 
nnn 



I 



uff . Hag a,7r£i$ov, yi Nloucrav, yi fxoipav. 
T^afMixara etttoi, h Seven letters included 
$U(r) ^CCHTVXOig-f Trtpisxo- avithin TWO fingers [rings?] 
/xevoc, Nloucrav, yi <x7TEi(>ov f symbolize a song, or infinite, 
yi juoi^av CTYifxalvsi. ox fate. 

XXX. WHAT ONE LINE BENT OVER ANOTHER SIGNIFIES. 

! ! ! t5?^f 

A'. Tl (TYIfJUXlVEl y^a./Xf/.Yly E7TlKEKa[XfJLEVYI ETEOa. 

TgaiAfAY) ogQr) filet, ayLcx. A straight line with a 

ypafxfjm £7TLH£H(x/xfX£VY} * curved line above it signifies 

r) $EKa, y^a/xfxag ettitte- ten plane lines. X 

cow; (TYifxaivoucri. 

xxix. 1. The number 70 is very common on funereal 
tablets, and signifies " The Days of mourning.''' Sh. 
676. The Egyptians still sing their lamentations, 
perhaps a relic of the funereal chant called M aneros by 
Plutarch. 

c 2. An amulet with some mystic signification. 

xxx. The plane lines denote units, the curved 10's, the 
coils 100's, and the other 1000's. 

t De Pauw. sug. SciktvXioiq, " rings." — Reuv. evTog daicrvXiov, 
" within a ring." Qy. Bent into the form of a ring. 

X Qy. When a curved line is placed above a straight line it de- 
notes ten of such straight lines. 

* Pier. mentions, tiriKiKknuivn, fj . . . r\ Seko,. — Leem. om. r) 



XXXI. WHAT THEY DENOTE BY DEPICTING A SWALLOW- 




Xa. T/ foi\ov<ri xsXidova ygcc<povTE$. 

Tyv bxoaxzfi oififiat- When they would signify 

veiv @oux6/xevoi ktyiitiv yo- that the whole of a parent's 

vixw Hal -ateitpS ^f^a -<xv toig substance has been left to the 

vVeo-i, x^^ va K®vpot.- sons, they depict a swallow. 

(pouo-tv. EHEivy yap Kuxisi For she rolls herself in the 

Eauryv slg Trrfaov, xcc) mud, and builds a nest for 

kti&itoTsvsottoTsQuXew her young, when she is her- 

/j,E\Xou<Ta. teQvccvxi. self about to die. 



XXXII. WHAT BY A BLACK DOVE. 

>$, TV (MEXoavav tte^htte^uv. 

Tuvcaxa x*p av s 97 "' - When they would symbo- 

(j.Eivacrav «%£>< Savccrou lise a woman who remains a 

SeXqvtes o-yi/jwvui, tte^kt- widow till death, they depict 

TEgav (MEXaivav fyyfcc- a black dove; for this bird 

(pou<riv. aurr] yag ov g~u/a- has no connexion with another 

piyvurai ETEgu avty), eco; mate from the time that it is 

ouh xnpw(rri»\\ widowed. 

xxxi. Jewels, valuables. Sh. 551. 

§ De Pauw. sug. i$ ov. j| xi)aiuu, Al. 



108 



HORAPOLLO. 



WHAT BY AN ICHNEUMON. 



Ay. 

A&gUWOV CC<T§EVY!, hou 

fj.j] $uvyi6evtx eccutu @oy\- 
6rj(ra.i (ft eaurou, aAAa 
oia Trig aTOwv ETriKQUglas, 

fxova £coyga<poucriv. eheivyi 
yag orav i(fy o<pw, ov 

7r$0TE%0V E7riTlQET<Zl CCUTU, 

«AA<% @oy TQitg aKhovg 

E7TlKa\0Ufjl.EVYI y TOTE EVOtV- 
TlQVTCtl TV OtpEl. 



When they would represent 
a man that is feeble, and un- 
able of himself to help him- 
self but who does so by the 
aid of others, they delineate 
an ichneumon. For this 
animal, when it spies a ser- 
pent, does not at once attack 
it, but by its noise calls others 
to its assistance, and then at- 
tacks the serpent. 



XXXIV. WHAT THEY DENOTE BY ENGRAVING ORIGANUM 
(WILD MARJORAM) FOR A HIEROGLYPHIC. 

x¥. T/ dyhooaiv oplyavov iEgoyXu<pouvTEg. 

When they would symbo- 
lised departure of ants, they 
engrave origanum. For if 
this plant be laid down over 
the spot from whence the ants 
issue forth, it causes them to 
desert it. 



Xo/AEvoi am/Anvaij cgiyavov 
htjQyXu(pQuo~iv. avTr\ yag 
7Toie7 Xeitteiv Tohg (AVgtm- 

KCtg^ CCTrOTlZcfAEVYl EVTQ7TU, 
cttqQev kizEf%0VTai. 



f Par. A. B. C. Aid. Mer. Leem - 



10!) 



XXXV. WHAT BY A SCORPION AND CROCODILE. 




"AvfyovrovExfyov, Ire- When they would symbo- 

fw \<ru kvavTiovfj.£vov cry- lise one enemy engaging with 

(thai Be^ovte^ o-xofmov another equal to himself \ they 

xa) KfOKodeiXov £coyga- depict a scorpion and a cro- 

(povtrw. EttaTEpog yag sxa- codile. For these kill one 

regov * avaifeT. si 3e ivav- another. But if they would 

t/ov xa) avai^srixov too symbolise one who is hostile 

ETEgou <m/jtaivou(Tt, xgoxo- to, and has slain another, 

o^eiXov ^o)y^a,<pou<Tiv, r\ they depict a crocodile or a 

o-nofTTiov. axx eI (aw scorpion ; and if he has slain 

Si-sag avai^ouvra, x$oxo- him speedily, they depict a 

fofrov Zayfa<poii<nV eI 3e crocodile, but if slowly, a. 

fyafrEu$avaifoSvTa f (ncog- scorpion, from its tardy mo- 

irtoVf ha to ducrxivYiTov. tion. 

xxxv. This seems to have some astronomical allusion. 
The Crocodile was one of the Vahans of the Sun, and 
the year began with Scorpio. It is not an uncommon 



iKarepov yap, Hsesch. De Pauw. 



IIORAPOLLO. 



XXXVI. WHAT BY A WEASEL. 
Ar'. TV yaXrjv. 

Tuvouko. avfyo; spya When they would symbo- 
m-qarrovacLv fiovXoixtvoi lise a woman performing the 
crY\[MJvaij yaMv £coyg<x- works of a man, they depict 
(pova-iv. aurr\ ya% appevog a weasel ; quod maris pu- 
atioiov 'ixfii, us ocnapiov. dendum habeat velut ossicu- 
lum. 



XXXVII. WHAT BY A HOG. 

"Ore @ou\ovt<zi av§(>oi- When they would symbo- 

ttov si-coXy (TYifXYivaiy xoigov lise a filthy man t they depict 

£ayga(pou<n, ha to f a hog ; from such being the 

Trjv (puaiv rov xoi^ov roi- nature of the hog. 
ccutyiv elvai. X 



xxxvu. There is an example of a hog in a judgment 
scene in the tombs of the kings, where, according to 
Champollion, it denotes the metampsychosis of a glut- 
ton condemned by Osiris into a hog. — Bonomi. See 
Tl. 3. 



t Par. A. B. om. to. 



$ ovarav, Par. A. B. C. 



Ill 






XXXVIII. HOW IMMODERATE ANGER. 
Xri. Hug 



El $E SufAQV cifASTgOV, 

ug re xtxi ex toutou ttu- 

fETTElV TQV ^UfJLOVfMBVOVj 

hiovroc, yp<x(pov<riv } ex- 
o-toiZqvto, § roog Idioug 
axu/xvoug. xcci Keqvtcc (aev, 
ha lov SufAOV' roug crxu/jt,- 

VOUg $E EX<TTQl£Q(A.EVOUg, § 
E7T£l$r) TO, OCTTO, TUV 
(TKUIAVUV KOTTTOfiEVa, 7CV$ 
ExGaXhEl. 



§UfXQV (ZfAETgOV. 

If they would represent im- 
moderate anger, so that he 
who is angry takes a fever 
thereby, they depict a lion 

BREAKING THE BONES OF ITS 

own whelps. And they por- 
tray the lion to signify anger, 
and the whelps having their 
bones broken, because the 
bones of the whelps when 
struck together emit sparks of 
fire. 



XXXIX. HOW AN OLD MINSTREL. 

xtf. Hag ysfovTCt fxoua-ixov. 

Tepovtcc ia.ov<tikov @ou- When they would symbo- 

ko/AEvoi <m/Avivai, xvxvov lise an old minstrel, they de- 

£wypa<pou<riv. ourog ya$ pict a swan, for when old it 

tivrarov n&og a$Ei yr\- sings the sweetest melody. 

gacrxoov. 

§ Hjesch. sug. and Leem. adopts eZovtuZovto. and e£o(77-£i£o- 
fitvovg. 



HO It APOLLO. 



XL. HOW THEY DENOTE A MAN WHO LIVES 
WITH HIS WIFE. 

//. Hug avtya dyhoucri o-jyyivo/xEvov Ty Eawrov yuvam. 



When they would symbo- 
lise a man living in intercourse 
with his own wife, they de- 
pict two crows ; for these 
birds cohabit with one another 
in the same manner as does a 
man by nature. 



cruyytvofAEvov 
t>j yuvaiHi avTov xara 
(mI^iv (3oux6/aevoi crn^nvai, 
$vo noguvag yqa,<pov<Tiv. 
aurai yap (TUfx^iyvvvTai 
aXXriXaig, ug fjLiyvvTai 
oiv^puTrog Kara, (puiiv. 



XLI. WHAT THEY INTIMATE BY POURTRAYING A 
BLIND BEETLE. 

fxa. T/ or\Xovcri H.dv9agev Tvcpxbv ypafiovTEg. 



Avopa oe u7ro yXi- 
axYig outTWog 7TUPE^avra 
Hal evteuQev avroQavovra 
@qux6/aevoi anfXYivai, nav- 
dapov TU<p\6v ypa(pou<riv. 
ourog yap v7ro tqu vKlou 
tuQXouiuevcs avroOvYicTKEi. 



When they would symbo- 
lise a man who has caught a 
fever from a stroke of the 
sun, and died in consequence, 
they portray a blind beetle; 
for this creature dies after it 
has been blinded by the sun. 



113 



XLII. WHAT THEY DESIGN BY DEPICTING A MULE. 
(JI0, 17 $YlXQU<TlV y/AlOVOV yPCt<pOVTE$. 

TuvaiHoc 3e crrsTpav When they would symbo- 

Qqu-koiazvoi aypnvou, ^fxlo- Use a barren woman, they 

vov ypa<pouaiv. awry yap delineate a mule ; for this 

ha touto a-reTpa fan, animal is barren, quod ma- 

ha to (av\ £%£iv Tnv /xyit- tricem rectam non habet. 
pav ear' EuQelag. 



XLIII. HOW THEY DENOTE A WOMAN WHO HAS BROUGHT 
FORTH FEMALE INFANTS. 

fxy. Ylug OYihoStri yuvaixa ysvvncraaav §Y)\Ea @P£<pn. 

YuvaiKa yEwwaaav When they would symbo- 

SriXsa @pE<pri TTPUTcog, lise a woman who has brought 

@oux6(aevoi o-YiiMvai, rau- forth female infants first, 

pov ett) ra aPicnspa vsu- they delineate a bull inclin- 

ovra £coypa<pou<nv si o*e ing towards the left : and 

appsva, ttccXlv rai/pov etti again if male infants, then 

Ta h%ia vsuovra £ooypa- they delineate a bull inclining 

(pouaiv. exeTvos yap airo to the right. Is enim ex con- 

rrig oxiiai; nara^alvcov* gressu discedens, si ad lsevam 



Kara/3ttXXwv, Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. 






1 1 4 H0RAP0LL0. 

el (jl\v ett) ra agitTTEga. conversus fuerit, genitam esse 

KtzTExQoi, Sfau yewaTou'f foeminam indicat, si ad dexte- 

sl <$£ ett) Tad'E^ta, kcxteX- ram marem. 
Qoi ixtto Trig oxzlag, ocppEV 

TlKTETCll. 



XL1V. HOW THEY DENOTE WASPS. 

pd. Hug (bihoutrt o-Qmag. 

Zpwag fiouXo/AEVoi an- When they would denote 

Hyvai, vExfov 'Ittttov £a- wasps, they depict a dead 

y$a,(pouaiv. ek yag rourov horse : for many wasps are 

ctTroQavGVTog, woXKoi yl- generated from him when 

vovTca atpnuEg. dead. 



XLV. HOAV A WOMAN WHO MISCARRIES. 

(x'e. Hag o^n^ouai yuvouKtx EKTiT^uaHouaav. 

Tuvcukcc EKTiTfcoo-Kou- When they would symbo- 

aav &oVho[A£voi anftnvai, lise a woman who miscarries, 

'Ittttov TTtxTouaav "hvuov they depict a mare kicking 

£ooyg<z(pou<nv. ou /uovov a wolf ; for not only by 

t ytvvacQai (yi][A.divei, Aid. Mer. Causs. Pier. 



yap TrocTovaa rov Xvhov kicking a wolf does a mare 

£XTiTfco(T)iEir)'l7r7ro<;,(z\xa, miscarry, but it immediately 

hoc) to I'xvog iav 7tcx,ty\o-y\ miscarries if it should merely 

jou hvKou, Trccgaxpypa tread on the footstep of a 

ehtitquo-hei. wolf. 



XLVI. HOW A MAN WHO CURES HIMSELF BY AN ORACLE. 
(xt '. Hag civfycoTTOV iaTfEUOVTCt EOCUTOV O.7T0 %{p\0~ fiOV . 

*Av§gco7rov (ztto x$y\<t- When they would symbo- 

(MQu laTgEvovTct ecxutov lize a man who cures himself 

@ouKo(jt,Evoi o-r][MYivai, (paa- by an oracle, they delineate 

<rav Hg<zTouo~av <puhhov a wood pigeon carrying a 

da<pvY}$ £uy(>a><pouo~iv. k- branch of laurel; for this 

keivy) yag ote appooo-Ts'i, bird when sick deposits a 

(puXXov ettitiQwi datpvng branch of laurel in its nest, 

e!$ tyjv voacriccv sai/Trig and recovers. 

KOU l/yiMVEl. 

XLVII. HOW A SWARM OF GNATS. 

/*£'. Hag xuvcoTrag 7roXKovg, 

KuvuTrag noKhovg etti- When they would represent 

(poiravrscg $ov\q[aevqi £w- many gnats swarming to- 

y$a<pYio-cu, (TKcoMKxgyya.- g ether, they depict maggots ; 

(poutriv. £/*§ toutuv yap for from them gnats are en- 

yEvvwrou ol KoovcoTTEg. gendered. 

§ Aid. om. 



116 HOR APOLLO. 



XLVIII. HOW A MAN THAT HAS NO BILE, BUT RECEIVES 
IT FROM ANOTHER. 

fAY]. Hug avdoa fw exqvtcx x°^ v > oOO^ cxp' etedou hxof^Evov. 

"Avtya /xri exovtoc When they would symbo- 

Xo^riv auroQuug, cxhx a<p' lise a man who has naturally 

irspov dexoftEvov yod- no bile but receives it from 

(povxEq, TTEgio-TEgav £co- another, they depict a dove 

yoa.<pod(riv, sxovo-av t« with her hinder parts 

oTTiehia op9a. sv EHEivoig erect ; for in them she has 

yao rr)v x o ^W tX £i ' ner bile. 



XLIX. HOW A MAN WHO DWELLS SECURELY IN A CITY. 

(a(¥. Hug <zv§duttov aatya'Kug oinovvra ttqXiv. 

"AvS^uttov txo-tpahug When they would symbo- 

oIkquvtix Trohiv <iv\imvou lise a man who dwells securely 

@ou\6(aevoi, cxetov iJSov in a city, they depict an eagle 

fiatTTaZovra Zuypatpoi/- conveying a stone; for he 

<rtv. ekeTvo; yap cxtto $a- takes up a stone, either from 

\da-07i$ 9 n cctto tyjs yrjg the sea or land, and deposits 

a/$ov ETTalgEi, Ka) TtSycriv it in his nest, to keep it steady. 
Eig ty)v idiocy vocrcriaVy hex 

TO CX(T<p<ZXug fAEVElV. 



L. HOW A MAN WHO IS WEAK AND PERSECUTED 
BY ANOTHER. 

v . Tloog <xv§gco7Tov acr^Evag e%ovra, nai v(p erspou 

"AvBpwttov ao-Qsvug e- When they would symbo- 

%ovt«, na) HoiTa^LcoKO/jLe- lise a man that is weak and 

vov u7ro \q-xupqtepov @ ou ~ persecuted by a stronger, they 

^ofMEvoi <tyi/jmvou, ut&cc delineate a bustard and a 

xa) ittitov Zcoypatpoi/aiv. horse ; for this bird flies away 

avTn yup "i7TT<xTaiy orav whenever it sees a horse. 
i'5>i 'ittttov. 



LI. HOW THEY DENOTE A MAN WHO FLEES FOR REFUGE 
TO HIS PATRON, AND RECEIVES NO ASSISTANCE. 

va. Hag av%pairov dyXouai Trpoo-cpEi/yovra va idicp Trarpavi 
na) fju) @oyiQov/xevov. 



"AvSpCOTTOV 7TP0<T<p£V- 

yovra ra idla Trarpavi, 
nai fxr\ @Qn()ouf/.EVOV, §e- 
"KovTEg dyXaaai, cttpouQov 
na) y\avHa £aypa<pou(riv. 



ourog yap SyPEUo/xEvog, 
TTplg ty]v yXavna tpex 21 ) 
na) TTpbg aurn uv 7Tie£e- 
rai. 



When they would denote 
a man who flees for refuge to 
his patron, and receives no 
assistance , they depict a spar- 
row and an owl; for the 
sparrow when pursued betakes 
itself to the owl, and being 
near it is seized. 



118 



HORAPOLLO. 



LI I. HOW THEY REPRESENT A WEAK MAN THAT IS 
AUDACIOUS. 

v/3'. Hag a.v9oco7rov driXovcriv aaQsvri Ktxi TrPOTTETEVOfAEVOV. 

"AvfyuTrov aoSzvYi hoc) When they would symbo- 

ttpotteteuo/xevov @ouh6{As- lise a man who is weak and 

voi o-Yiixnva.1, vvmEPi^a audacious, they portray a bat, 

^aypatpovaiv. eheivyi yap for she flies though destitute 

/j.yi Expvaa. tttepcx. 'InTa- of feathers. 
rai. 



L1II. HOW A WOMAN SUCKLING AND BRINGING UP HER 
CHILDREN WELL. 

vy . Hag yuvouHOC. §Y\\cc£oucra,v, hoc) Kochag avocTPE<pou<rav. 



Yuvouxoc §Y\7\a£,ovo~ocv, 
hoci HcChag avaTPEtpovcrctv 
@qv\q[mevoi £ay pa<pYicrai y 
vuhtepI^oc ttolMv exovctcxv 
odovrotg hoc) [xacrrobg * 
^toypatpoucriv. aury] yap 
(aovy) ruv aX7\av tttyivcov, 
oo^ovTctg hoc) ixao-Toug e%ei. 



When they would represent 
a woman suckling and bring- 
ing up her children well, they 
again portray a bat with 

TEETH AND BREASTS ; for this 

is the only winged creature 
which has teeth and breasts. 



* Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. Treb. for vvKTtpida, read rpvyova, i 
dove, &c. 



LIV. HOW A MAN FOND OF DANCING. 
VO . Ucog Oiv9pC07T0V HY]X0VfMEV0V do^asi. 

"AvSpoiirov 37 opx/iaeas When they would symbo- 

stai auMTiKYig }cyiXou(xevov lise a man fond of dancing 

@ou\6/aevoi <nifiSjveu 9 t^v- and piping, they delineate a 

yova ZuyqaQoucriv. ouity\ turtle dove; for it is taken 

7«f vno avKoii nai o%- by means of a pipe and danc- 

XYiTEcog atdcmzTou. ing. 



LV. HOW A MYSTIC MAN. 

vs. Ylut; avfymwov fxuo-rixov. 

"AvfyoTTovtis /Avo-Tixov, When they would symbo- 

xa) TEteaTYiv'f QouXofievoi lise a mystic man, and one 

cr-v/Anvai, TErrr/a £coyga- initiated, they delineate a 

<pou<nv. ourogya^ $ia rod grasshopper; for he does not 

a-TOfjtaros ou AaAs?, aAAa utter sounds through his 

&a Tvjg pxx™S QSeyyo- mouth, but chirping by means 

fXEvog, nahov /ksAoj aeihi. of his spine, sings a sweet 
melody. 



t Ts\eTt)v, Par. A.. B. C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. — Treb. om. 



120 



HORAPOLLO, 



LVI. HOW A KING WHO KEEPS HIMSELF APART, AND 
SHEWS NO MERCY TO DELINQUENCIES. 




vr. Hag fixcriXEa, ifoaZcvrcc, nxi (m eXeouvtcx, ev roig 
7naicrfj.acri. 

BpwfrEal$ia£ovTa f %xa) When they would symbo- 

pwEteovvra svToigTrrala-- lise a king who keeps himself 

fjuurt § @ou\6/aevoi <tyi[m- apart,% and shews no mercy 

vai, dsTov ^ayqatpovo-iv. to delinquencies, % they depict 

ovrog yap h roig E^/xoig an eagle ; for he builds his 

T05roi5£%« rw vocr<na.v,\\ nest in desert places, and flies 

km b^XoTEpog Ttavrm higher than all birds. 

TftJV TTETEIVQV 'i'KTlXTtXl, 



Signifies Pharaoh. 



Icid^u), " to live apart," also " to revenge oneself." 
Tr-alfffia, " a calamity in war," also " a fault." 
viorsaiav, Al. 



121 



LVII. HOW THE GREAT CYCLICAL RENOVATION. 




v?. Hag a^ofcaraaracriv TroXuxgoviov. 

'A7roxaTa(TTcc<riv ds When they would denote 

TroXuxPoviov (3ouk6/j,evoi the great cyclical renovation, 

uYifxhaiy (polviKcc to fyvEov they portray the bird phoznix. 

Zuygapoucriv. eheivqs yag For when he is produced a 

qte yswarai, anoKaTa- renovation of things takes 

o-toco-is yivETai w^ay/xa.- place, and he is produced in 

tuv. ysvvoirai 3e toioutu this manner. When the Phce- 

TgoTrco' orav fxsXXrj teXeu- nix is about to die, he casts 

roiv b <poivi^ y pr\(7o-£i eccutov himself vehemently upon the 

£7riTr)vyYiv f Ha)67rY}VE}cTou ground, and is wounded by 

priy/xarog Xcc/xGccvei, na) the blow, and from the ichor, 

ek rev Ixjaqos tou Kara?- which flows from the wound, 

pEovTog ha Trig oTrrjg § another phoenix is produced ; 

aKkog yEvvarai' oliog te which as soon as it is fledged, 

a/xa to) 7nE()o<puYi<jai, cruv goes with his father to the 

tw Trccrfi Tro^EUETai Eig city of the sun in Egypt ; who 

ty\v 'Hxlou UoXiv ty]v sv when he is come thither, dies 

Aiyu7TTa,\\ og xou Tra^a- in that place at the rising of 



Phoenix. 
Aid. Mer. Pier. om. II Par. A. Leem. — Al. om. 



HORAPOLLO. 



7Ev6fiEvo$ ekeT, a t ua rj? the sun. And after the death 

faiov avaroty, ekeTcte of his father, the young one 

TEteura. Kcci (metoc tov departs again to his own 

Savarov tov warfa, 6 country; and the priests of 

VEoaaoq naXiv ett) ty\v Egypt bury the phoenix that 

lo^lav iraTfiba avrEurnf is dead. 

01 OS lEgEig TYJg AlyUTTTOV 

toutov tov a.7ro9arVovTa 

(pOlVlKO. SxTTTOUCTl. 



LVIII. HOW ONE WHO IS FOND OF HIS FATHER. 




Hag (pi\07TtZT0ga. 



<&l\07TCZT0pa fioultf/AE- 

voi o-Yi/uwvat av9(ioo7rov, tte- 
Xagyov £ayga$oiio~tv. v7ro 
yap tuv yEVVficravTuv bt- 
TpaQEig, ou x^pi^Eiai 
tuv loiav TroLTEgav, aKKa 
TragOr/AEvcu auTolg axfi$ 
scrxocrou yrjpag, §sga- 

7TEiaV OLUTolg a7TQVE(J.00V. 



When they would denote a 
man fond of his father, they 
depict a stork ; for after he 
has been brought up by his 
parents he departs not from 
them, but remains with them 
to the end of their life, taking 
upon himself the care of them. 



123 



HOW A WOMAN THAT HATES HER HUSBAND. 



Ylux; yuvcuna fjua'oScrav tov eo,vtyi<; avtya. 



Tvvcukoc (AKrouvav tov 
i'hov avtya, Koii E7riQov- 
teuovcav avTco ei$ §ava- 

TOV, /J.0VQV $£ ha (Al<*lV 

KoXaHEuouaav abrov, @ou- 

"h0[JLEV0l 0-Y1(A?ivOU' £%IV 

Zcoyqatpovcriv. avry] yag 
otxv cruyyivyrai to> «p- 

pEVlj CTOfXa (TTOfXaTl E(M~ 

QaXouaa* nai [aetoc. to 
aTro^Euxfirivai, cltio^olkov- 
oa. tyiV KE(pa\y\v tov up- 
pevog avai^Ei. 



When they would symbo- 
lise a woman that hates her 
own husband, and designs his 
death, and is complaisant only 
during intercourse, they de- 
lineate a viper; for when in 
connexion with the male, she 
places his mouth in her mouth, 
and after they have disjoined, 
she bites the head of the male 
and kills him. 



LX. HOW THEY DENOTE CHILDREN PLOTTING AGAINST 
THEIR MOTHERS. 

f. ria)$ TEHva, h^nXoucnv ettiCouXeuovtol touc; fXY\T(>ao-iv. 

Temcc E7riQouXEvovTa When they would denote 

TousfAVTg occri anfMYivai @ou- children plotting against their 

\6fjLEvoij Exifoav (coyfct- mothers, they delineate a 

cpouo-iv. ccuty] yag h tyj viper; for the viper is not 



* t[i,i3dX\ii, Aid. Mer. Leem. 



124 HORAPOLLO. 

ov TiHTETcti, ocKk brought forth in the [usual 

Ejt€t6fu<THou<ra tyiv ya- manner?], but disengages 

a-repa Trig fwrfog sk7To- itself by gnawing through the 

psuETcu. belly of its mother. 



LXI. HOW THEY DENOTE A MAN WHO SICKENS UNDER 
THE REPROACH OF ACCUSATION. 

|a. Tlcog aivfyamov dyvour iv u7ro fcaryyo^iocg Xoi^o^yiQevtoc, 
H.ai aa^EVYia-avra. 

"AvSgcoTTov tie vtto When they would symbo- 

xarriyoglag KoidogyQevTci lise a man who is reproached 

jiixi vocrria-avTxX evteuSev with accusations and thence 

@qux6/j,evoi <ty\iaw(xij @okti- falls sick, they delineate a 

\i<THov £coyga<pou<nv. ekeT- basilisk ; for he kills those 

vog ya? roug irMaia^ov- that approach him with his 

Tocg rco lavTov cpucrrifxaTi breath. 

(bQVEVEl. 



% aadtvi^aavra, Aid. Mer. Pier. Causs. 



LX1I. HOW A MAN THAT IS BURNT WITH FIRE. 
%0 . IlaiS <ZV§p6)7T0V V7T0 Trupog xaio/Asvov. 

' Av&pawov V7TO Trugog When they would symbo- 

KaiOfAEvov @ouXo/j.£voi <iY\- lise a man that is burnt ivith 

/xYivai, o-ccXa/xavtyav gco- fire, they depict a salaman- 

ygcctpouo-iv. awry yap der ; for it destroys with 

excite fa, rjj KEfyaM dvcu- either head. 



LXIII. HOW A BLIND MAN. 

|y'. Tlcog avfyoowov tvQXqv. 

"AvfyuTrov Tuipxov (Sou- When they would symbo- 

hofMEvoi omimvou, aana.- lise a blind man, they depict 

Xana ^coygatpovaiv. EKsTvog a mole ; for it neither has 

yap otpSaX/Aov; qvk ex £ h eves > nor does it see. 

OVTE Q$CC. 

LXIV. HOW A MAN THAT NEVER STIRS OUT. 

|^'. Tlux; oiv^wzrov cz7rp6iTov.\\ 

"AvQfcoTrov awgoirov When they would symbo- 

^ov'hofj.Evoi triifwvai, /jlv§- lise a man that never stirs 

II Extra domum. Treb. 



126 HORAPOLLO. 

fAwa xai TTTEga vvhte- out, they depict an ant and 

flfrog ZcoygatpovaiV hori the wings of a bat; because, 

ri6E/Asvcov rav 7rT£^v Eig when these wings are placed 

tyiv veoctctiuv tcov [xupixyi- over an ant's nest, none of 

xcov, ov 7roo£gx £Tai h oiv- them come forth. 
tcov Tig. 



LXV. HOW A MAN WHO IS INJURED BY SELF-INFLICTIONS. 

|f. Ylcog olv9pco7rov diet TY\g olxEiag s^coXEicxg @Xa.7no(JLivov. 

"Av9pco7rov diet Trig idlag When they would symbo- 

£%co\Eiag @Xa,7TT6{j.£vov cry- lise a man injured by self in- 

(jwvai @ou\6{aevoi 7 xctcrTopa fiictions, they delineate a bea- 

Zcoyoacpovcriv. kxEivog yoto ver ; for when pursued he 

Ko&Tafoauo/AEvog, Eig ty\v tears out his own testicles, and 

ay p civ roug idioug didvfjtovg casts them as spoil to his pur- 

cxTrocrTrcov piTTTEi. suers. 



LXVI. HOW A MAN WHO HAS BEEN SUCCEEDED IN HIS 
PROPERTY BY A SON WHOM HE HATED. 

|r '. Hag cxvQpcottqv xXypovo/xn9£VTct unci /xEfxicrYj^Evou texvou. 

"AvOocottov xXrjoovo/xYi- When they would symbo- 
Bevtcx u7ro /ae/xio-yi/xevou lise a man who has been suc- 

§ Ingreditur. Treb. 



127 



T£H.V0U@0U\6/J,EV0l CTY)[AY\VOtl, 

7ri§Y]Kov sxovtcc oTrlcrco 

ETEpOV (MftpQV TTlQwOV £u- 

ypatpouaiv. ekeTvos yap 
ysvva $uo tt&yixous* ttai 
rov [aev ha aurcov (piteT 

XiaVy TOV $E ETEPOV (JLHTeT. 
OV $E (plXsT, EfATTgOO-QeV f&Oh 

ara^uv, Qoveuei, ov $e 
/jucteT, ottktOev EX sl t K0U 

EHETvOV EK-TPEtyEl. 



cceded in his property by a 
son whom he hated, they de- 
pict AN APE WITH A YOUNG 

ape behind it. For the ape 
begets two young apes, one 
of which he loves extrava- 
gantly, and the other he hates : 
and the one which he loves 
he keeps before him and kills 
with fondling; but the one 
which he hates he keeps be- 
hind him and brings up. 



LXVII. HOW A MAN THAT CONCEALS HIS OWN DEFECTS. 

f£". Ilw£ avSpooTTOV ia loicc EXarrcof^ara xpuTrrovra. 

"Av§pco7rov ra ifoa When they would symbo- 

EXaTTa/xaTa KPUTrvovra lise a man that conceals his 

fiouXofAEVoi (TYifjwvaij TTi- own defects, they depict an 

Owov\\ oupouvra (ccypa- ape|| making water; for when 

<poucriv. ourog yap oupcov f he makes water he conceals 

kpvtttei tov i&ov oupov. his urine. 



|| Pier, mentions a reading, a'lXovpov " a cat." 



128 



HORAPOLLO. 



LXVIII. HOW ONE WHO HEARS WITH MORE THAN USUAL 
ACUTENESS. 

|>j. Hag riva. tcara to (aolKXov uhovovtcx,. 

Tiva Sfi Kara to fMoix- When they would symbo- 

Aov axovovra §eXovte$ <tv\- lise a man who hears with 

fxYivocijaiya^ay^a^ovo-iv. more than usual acuteness, 

auTYi ya$> avaitvEi* ha they portray a she-goat, for 

rav pa8avav, na\ rav she respires [hears ?] through 

utcov. both her nostrils and ears. 



LXIX. HOW AN UNSETTLED PERSON. 

%& , Hai; acrrarov. 

TlVa (fa (ZCTTCZTOV za) 

/jt,n /xsvovra kv ravTa, aKh 
qte /mh IcrxvpoVjf qte $e 



ao-Qsvrj, X @ou\o/j,evqi <ty\- 
(JMvai, vaivav § £coyga- 
Qouaiv. 



When they would symbo- 
lise one that is unsettled, and 
that does not remain in the 
same state, but is sometimes 
strong, and at other times 
ainv\ ya.% ote weak, they depict an hy^n a; 
ph appnv ylverou, ote 3s for this creature is at times 
Qviteia. male, and at times female.|| 

* clkovuI — Treb. Audit. 

t Par A C. Aid. Mer. insert Opaavv. — Causs. Treb. ical Qpaaov, 
and Leem. in brackets. 

| Par. A. C. Aid. Mer. insert SsiXbv. Causs. Treb. icai deiXbv. 
and Leem. in brackets. 

§ Ges. ment. vaivav ocpiv, which Treb. reads. 

II The Arabs still believe this to be the case. 



LXX. HOW A MAN OVERCOME BY HIS INFERIORS. 



!!&£ <XV§pOmOV V7T0 EXOCTTOVUV VUTCOfJLEVOV. 



"Av§g607T0V 0*£ Y}TTC0/X£- 
VQV V7T0 T00v\\ E^OiTTOVCOV 
@0U>.0(AEVQl <TY}{A,yvai y (?U0 

^e^ixara ^uy^atpovaiv, 
w to (a\v, baling karij to 
tie aXho, Trao'ba'hEug. iav 

yap OfMOU TeOyJ* t« o^uo 

raura h^£p//.<xra f ro /xev 
tyj$ 7raftaX£ug <x7ro@a\X£i 
Tag Tglxag, to $e aXXo, 



When they would symbo- 
lise a man overcome by his in- 
feriors, they depict two skins, 
one of an hy^na,1F and the 
other of a panther; for if 
these two skins be placed to- 
gether, the panther's shoots 
its hair, but the other does 
not. 



lxx. how a man who overcomes his private 

ENEMY. 

oa. Tlcog civQpuTTov too lo^lov £%fyo£ 7T£^yEv6/j.EV0V. 

"AvSpcottov too Itilou To denote a man who over- 
sxfyou TTEfiyevofAEVov oV comes his private enemy, they 

lxx. See the shin placed before Osiris, B.I. c. 40. 
The shin is in some manner connected with judgment 
and protection, but it is not yet well understood. 

|| Aid. Mer. Pier. om. 

1F Qy. A water skin. 

* riQrj, Par. C. Aid. Mer. — Te9fjrai Svo, Leem. at Haesch. conj. 



HORAPOLLO. 



acwvtej, vaivav ett) ra delineate an hyma turning 

fo%ia <TTg£<po{/.£vyv Zcoyga- to the right; but if himself 

<pou<riv' kav 3e vihco/aevov, overcome, they on the con- 

avaTrahiv far) ra a^icr- trary depict one turning to 

Tepa 0-TgEQofA.EVYiv £uyga- the left; for should this 

Qovo-iv. earn yap haxo- animal, when pursued, turn 

lAEvn, lav ett) ia h%ia to the right, it slays the pur- 

(rrgaQy, avaipsT rov ha- suer, but if to the left, it is 

Kovra' lav & ett) ra slain by the pursuer. 
SigiaTEga, avatg-EjTai utzo 

TOO OlUKOVTOg. 



LXXII. HOW A MAN WHO PASSES FEARLESSLY THROUGH 
THE EVILS WHICH ASSAIL HIM. 

00. Yiag dvfytoTTov TragEhQovra rag ETTEVEX^Eicrag avru 
av^cpo^ag afioCcog. 

*Av§pco7Tov 7rafEh96vTa When they would denote a 

Tag E7T£VEX§£i(rag ai/ru man who passes fearlessly 

av^<po^ag a<p6Gcog a%pi through the evils which assail 

Savarou, ^ouXq/xevoi 3V him, even until death, they 

Xcotrai, Hg/ta ualvyg £00- delineate the skin of an hy- 

ypa<pouo-iv. lav yag rig iENA ;f for if a man gird this 

to $Egfjt,a touto TTEgi- skin about himself, and pass 



* The Arabs eat the flesh of this animal to free themselves from 
some particular illness. 



Gtx70\Y\Tai, tea) Tragedy through any of his enemies, 

ha tivuv exQpuv, ob (m lie shall be injured by none 

a^Hv^ritrsTca utto Ttvog, of them, but passes through 

aXha irafyxt'va.i a(p6- fearlessly. 

Qcog. 



LXXITI. HOW A MAN ANNOYED BY HIS PRIVATE ENEMIES. 



oy . Hcog <xv§pco7rov SiavOsvTak roTg iWoig kx^qoig. 



"AvBgcoTTov havQsvTa * 

vtto tuv l^tcov £%Sf ojv, KOU 

(astcc Zw/Aiag (MKgag air- 

aXXayevra, @ou\6/aevoi 

WftfAYlvai} "hvKov £uypa<pou- 

aiv, a7ToXscrocvTa. to au^ov 

Trig obqag. ovTog yap (aeX- 
; Awi/ QngeuEo-Qai, airoQaX- 
{ tei Tag Tpix^i) km to 
■ aKpov Trig obpag. 

* dtaOivTa, Aid. — (TiavQsvTa Par. C. Leem. 
I make a compact with." 



When they would represent 
a man annoyed* by his private 
enemies, and extricating him- 
self with small loss, they por- 
tray a WOLF WHICH HAS LOST 
THE EXTREMITY OF HIS TAIL ; 

for the wolf, when about to be 
hunted, shoots the hairs and 
extremity of his tail. 



compelled to 



HOTtAPOLLO. 



LXXIV. HOW A MAN WHO IS FEARFUL LEST ACCIDENTS 
SHOULD HAPPEN UNEXPECTEDLY TO HIMSELF. 

oo . TLug clvhquTrov (poGovftsvov t« ETrio-UfAfialvovTa avru ek 
tov atpavoug. 

"AvSocottov (pofioufXEVov When they would denote a 

rot, ETTicru/xGaivovTa lav- man who is fearful lest acci- 

Twf eh iqv cctyavoug, Gov- dents should happen unex- 

"kofjLEvoi o-YtixYivcu, Xvjtov kou pectedly to himself, they de- 

\lQov ^coyoatpovo-iv. ovrog pict a wolf and a stone; for 

yao, oote o-ityov, ovte it fears neither iron, nor a 

pa&ov (po^Eiiou, aXXcc stick, but a stone only; and 

(movov Xi§ov. txfAEXEi hav indeed, if any one throw a i 

rig Trgoo-pi^Yi rovra h&ov, stone at him he will find him 

EvqicrHEl avrov TTToov/AE- terrified : and wherever a wolf 

vov. kou o7rou <xv TrhYiyri is struck by a stone, maggots 

ru xiQa b Xi/Kog, crxaXwag are engendered from the bruise. 
ek rrjg TTKYiyyjg avaQsoEi. 



LXXV. HOW A MAN CALMED BY FIRE DURING ANGER. 

oe. Ucog avOguTTOv ETTt §u[/,u crci)tpgovicr§EVToc, vtto Trvpog.X 

AvSpcoTTov v7ro TTufog When they would denote a 
o-co<pgovicr8£VTa,X kou ett) man calmed by fire even du- 



t avry, Al. 

t Treb. igne castigatum " chastised by fire." 



Si/pa, SeXovte; dnhoocrat, ring anger, they portray lions 

KEovragxa) o^cfiotg £uyga- and torches; for the lion 

(poucriv. ovdh yccg aXKo dreads nothing so much as 

(poQzirai 6 Xeuv, eog rag lighted torches, and is tamed 

awififAEvag 3a3a$, koci vir by nothing so readily as by 

ou$£vog ^otixtx^ETai, ug them. 

V1T0 TOVTUV. 
LXXVIi HOW A FEVERISH MAN WHO CURES HIMSELF. 

or . Tleog avSguirov iTVPETrovra kou v(p savrov 

SEgaTTEuQsvTa. 

, "Avfyuirov irugETTovTct When they would denote a 

hou b<p savTov §£pa7rsu- feverish man who cures him- 

6evtoc fiouXo'/AEvoi $nhu(rcu t self, they depict a lion de- 

. yJsovra Zaypupovo-i ir'i- vouring an ape; for if, when 

dwov rgayovTa. ekewqc, in a fever, he devours an ape, 

yap eocv irugEfy, <payuv he recovers. 
iriQwov vyiaivEi. 



LXXVII. HOW A MAN WHO BECOMES STEADY AT LAST 
AFTER HIS FORMER EXCESSES. 

o£ . TIcog avSpcoTTov vcrrspov § crcotpgovio-QEVTa, airo 
Trig irguYiv E%u\£iag.\\ 

"AvSpwsrov euro s%co- When they would denote a 
KEiag TYig irpcow vctte^ov man who after his former 

§ Par. C. Aid. Mer. Pier. om. 

|| Treb. renders, novissima calamitate castigatum, "cbastisedby 
a very recent calamity." 



134 



HORAPOLLO. 



crcocppovicrBsvTcc ^ouXofxsvoi excesses at length becomes 

fckSaeu, Tai/^ov (coyga- steady, they portray a bull 

<Pqv<T{V TTE^E^EfJLEVOV ay- BOUND ABOUT BY A WILD FIG 

fioo-vicea. ourog ya% orav branch; for if when violent 

ogya, $6<r/*EiTQU ccy^iQcru- he is bound with a wild fig 

m hoci rifjLEfoSrai. branch, he becomes gentle. 



LXXVIII. HOW A MAN WHOSE TEMPERANCE IS EASILY 
CHANGED. 

oyi. Tlcog av§gu7rov cco(p^ocriivy]V e^qvtcx, euiaetoiGmtov. 



' AvBg007TOV <TU<PpQ<TUVY\V 
SXOVTO, ElifAETaGtolTOVj KCU 

[MY] o-raQypav, (3ouh6/j,Evoi 
O-Yifjwvou, raugov £coyga- 

<p0UCTt f 7TE$l$E$EIAEV0V TO 

oe^iov yovv. 7QUTQV yccg 
kav OYHTYig tu $£%iu yovv'i 

K(Xp7rQO£0~fMOVy 'KO.OOOiQ- 

Xou9ovvt<x, Eu^Yiosig.^ ccsl 
OS o raugog elg o-a<p^o<rv- 
vw 7ra^aXa/j,CavErai f Si- 
Cm OVOE 7T0TE TQV StjAeoj 
ETTlQaiVEl fXETCC TY]V CTUX- 



When they would symbo- 
lise a man whose temperance 
is easily changed and incon- 
stant, they depict a bull with 

HISRIGHTKNEEBOUNDROUND ; 

for if you bind him by a fetter 
on his right knee, you will find 
him follow. And the bull is 
always assumed as a symbol 
of temperance, because it never 
approaches the cow after con- 
ception. 



if Treb. from tovtov, sic enim non coit, *' for thus he holds no 
intercourse." 



135 



LXXIX. HOW A SLAYER OF SHEEP AND GOATS. 

oS . Hag ctv9oco7rov 7Tpo<oa,rcov kui alycov <p$0P00lK0V.* 

"Av§gu7rov TrqoQaTuv When they would symbo- 

Houalyav<p9opooixov* @ou- lise a slayer of sheep and 

XofMsvoi <TY\(jmva,ij aura to, goats, they portray these ani- 

^uoc y^a,(pov(Ti r^coyovra mals eating fleabane ; for 

Hovu^av. tixutcc ya.% (pec- if they eat fleabane they die, 

yovrcc Kovu^avj tx7ro9vYicr- being cut off by thirst. 



LXXX. HOW THEY DENOTE A MAN EATING. 

it . IIa5f oivO^coTTov Tgwyovra, onhoucriv. 

"AvfyuTTQV Tfcoyovra, When they would symbo- 

@qux6/aevoi <ry][Awa,i, k^o- lise a man eating, they depict 

Ho^tiXov &y$a,<pou<Tiv, s- a crocodile with his mouth 

XOvtoc, to 0-To/j.a, ccviay- open ; for he 

fjbhov. ourog yccgi 



* (pBopiKov, Vat. Leem. 
t Treb. ora, from ovrog. 



HORAPOLLO. 



LXXXI. HOW THEY DENOTE A RAPACIOUS AND INACTIVE 

MAN. 

ttcc. Hug a^7rayoc avfycmov xai \ avEVEgyyrov a-y]jj.aivov<Tiv. 

"Ap7rayaav^co7rovKaiX When they would denote a 

avEvspyyirovfiouXo/AEvoi <ty\- rapacious and inactive man, 
(/.yvaij K%oKo$EiXov exovto. they portray a crocodile with 

l'@ECOg TTTifiv ETt) Trj$ HE- THE AVING OF AN IBIS ON HIS 

(pa^ri^coy^aipOL'ai.TOL/rou head; for if you touch him 
yag lav i'@Ecog ttte^co hi- with the wing of an Ibis you 
yy$ 9 (zkIwtqv aurov § ev- will find him motionless. 

$Y)G-£l$. 



LXXXII. HOW A WOMAN THAT HAS BROUGHT FORTH 
ONCE. 

7T0. Hag yuvcciKcz yEvvyxrtxcruv asKa£, 

YvvouKtx yEvvrja-acrav When they would symbo- 

ct7ra% fiouXofAEVoi an/xv- lise a woman that has brought 

vat, \saivav £ay gapoucnv. forth once, they depict a lio- 

avrn ya$ (tig ou kvictkei. ness ; for she never conceives 

twice. 



\ Par. A. B. C. Leem. om. 
§ Aid. Mer. Pier. Leem. om. 



LXXXIII. HOW A MAN WHO IS AT FIRST DEFORMED. 

Try. Hug ccvQputtov yEwr^Evra Kara, rr\v apxwv a/jLO^ov. 



"AvSpcoTrov afxo^<pov 
ysvvYjOsvra Kara ry\v ap- 
XW) varspov tie (ao^Qu- 
Qsvra @ou\6/j.evoi cryf/yvai, 
cigKrov kyKVjjLQVova-av £oj- 
y^aCpovaiv. abrrj yag al- 
fxa crvvs7r^afjLixsvov Kai 
TTETryyog riKrEi, vcrra^ov 
tie rovro SahTToiAevov zv 
roig loioig /xvi^oTg ttarv- 
Trooraij Kai t>i yXuacry] 
XeiXO/aevov reXeioi/rat. 



When they would symbo- 
lise a man born deformed at 
first, but that has afterwards 
acquired his proper shape, 
they delineate a pregnant 
bear, for it brings forth (a 
mass of) thick and condensed 
blood, which is afterwards 
endued with life by being 
warmed between its thighs, 
and perfected by being licked 
with its tongue. 



LXXXIV. HOW A POWERFUL MAN, AND ONE THAT 
DISCERNS WHAT THINGS ARE RIGHT. 

no . IIa;$ av9pco7rov Icrxugov, Kai rcov crufAtpEgovrav ocrtpqav- 
riKOv. 

"AvSfcoTrov i<Txvfov,xa\ When they would symbo- 

rav <Tvix(pE^ovrm ba(p^av- lise a powerful man, and one 

riKov @ouk6/j.evoi o-Yijxyvai, that discerns what things are 

sKstpavra £ooypa<pou<riv, right,they depict an elephant 



138 HORAPOLLO. 

txfiVTa tyiv TTpofioaKid'a. with a trunk ; for with this 

sfcsTvog yag rauryi 6a(p^ai- he discerns by smelling, and 

vsrai, Ktxi nparsT rav overcomes all obstacles. 
TrfotrmwrovTw. 



LXXXV. HOW A KING THAT FLEES FROM FOLLY AND 

INTEMPERANCE. 

ttL n<y£ civ9po7rov QcurihEcc (pEvyovia [Aooglav kgu aQpotrumv* 

"AvSpuTrov @ao-i\Ea When they would symbo- 

(psuyovTa /wglav koli lise a king that flees from 

aipgocruvYiv (3oux6/j.evoi an- folly and intemperance, they 

imvai, £Xe<pavTa* aou delineate an elephant and 

jtpiov ZwyqaQoucriv. eheTvo; a ram ; for he flees at the 

yag Beco^uvtov xgibv $eu- sight of a ram. 
yEi. 



lxxxvi. how a king that flees from a trifler. 

ttt . Tlcog QotcriXEa (pEi/yovToc (pKua^ov av9pco7rov. 

BccuiXEa (pEuyovra When they would symbo- 

(phva^ov avfyuirov QoVho- lise a king that flees from a 

* Treb. cervum " a stag." 



(aevoi o-yfAyvat, EXspavTa trifler, they depict an ele- 

£uyi>a<pou<ri (aetu x o>l p ov - PHANT with a hog ; for lie 

EKtivog yap anouav (pwrig flees upon hearing the voice 

Xolfou, Qevyei. of the hog. 



LXXXVII. HOW A MAN THAT IS QUICK IN HIS MOVE- 
MENTS, BUT WHO MOVES IMPRUDENTLY AND INCON- 
SIDERATELY. 

7r£ '. Hug av9pci)7rov q%uv fxlv Kara, ryv hivy\<tiv, acrHE7TTug 
$e na) avowrcos kivou/xevov. 

"AvSgcoTrov o£vv fjLEV When they would symbo- 

nara ty]v kivyijiv, acrHSTr- lise a man that is quick in his 

rag ds na) avoyroog mvov- movements, but who moves 

fAEvov @oux6fAEvoi o-Yiftyvai , without prudence and con- 

EXaQovKaiExidvavZcoyfa- sideration, they portray a 

(poucriv. ehelvyi yag bpucra stag and a viper ; for she 

rrjv Exifoav, (psuysi. flees at the sight of the viper. 



LXXXVIII. HOW A MAN THAT IS PROVIDING HIS OWN 
TOMB. 

tty\. Hag av9pco7rov TT^ovoovfMEVov rr\g i^iag ra<prjg. 

"AvOouttov TrpovooufjLEvov When they would symbo- 
ls l^iag rapyig H (3ouXo- lise a man that is providing 

f Mer. Pier, Causs. Leem. Treb. F.— Tpotpijg, A.1. 



140 HORAPOLLO. 

(jisvoi crn/Arivotij sK£<pavTa* his own tomb, they depict an 

^uygOtipooCTl KOCTOpi/TTOV- ELEPHANT burying its own 

t« roug iWoug odovrag. teeth ; for when his teeth 
rouToug yag Trstrovrag fall out, he takes them up and 
Aa|3wv Hocro^uTrei.f buries them. 



LXXXIX. HOW A MAN THAT HAS LIVED TO A PROPER 
AGE. 



7T& , Yioog avSguTrov fyaavTa teXeiqv jS/oi 



TEAE/OV jS/oV 6£X0VT£g SlJ- 
Kooacci, KOfUVYlV <X7T0§a- 

vou<T<xv% £uypa(pou(riv. <zb- 
rn yap £y Exarbv etyi 
nar AlyuTTTiovg. rb os 
'etos KtXT Aiyi/TTTioug 
TE<T<ragcov EviavTcov. 



When they would symbo- 
lise a man that has lived to 
a proper age, they depict a 
dying crow ; for she lives an 
hundred years according to 
the Egyptians; and a year 
among the Egyptians consists 
of four (of our) years. 



* Treb. cervura. 

t Aid. Mer. Causs. Pier. Leem. Treb. F. — iKtlvog yap orav 
idt], tovq iSiovg oOovrag TriTTTOVTag, KaradpaTTirai tovtuv Kai 

TOVTOVQ SpVTTEl, Al. 

$ Treb. om. 



XC. HOW A MAN WHO CONCEALS HIS DEPRAVITY WITHIN 
HIMSELF. 



4 . Hug dvQocoTrov h eauTu h^utttovto. xaxlatv. 



AvQooottov £/x(pcoXeuov- 

TOC EaUTW HtXKiaV, HCCl 

aTTOKpuTTTovTa iawrov, 
axTTE /Ay yvcocrSvivai roig 
i$loig y SsXovTsg 0-vfAyva.t, 
TrdftaXiv ^coygatpouaiv. 
avTvi yap xgutpa roc £ua 
SypEUEi, [A,y\ auyx u (?ov(r<x 
tijv Idlav oo-fjwv § atpiEvaiy 
uaTccoicoHTiKriv ovaav tuv 
aXXuv £couv. 



When they would denote a 
man who conceals his depra- 
vity within himself, and hides 
himself so as not to be known 
by his own friends and family, 
they depict a panther ; for it 
secretly pursues the beasts, 
not suffering its scent to es- 
cape, which is [a hindrance 
in the pursuit ?] of other ani- 
mals. 



XCI. HOW A MAN DECEIVED BY FLATTERY. 

4a'. Hug txv9gco7rov £%ct7rxTU(AEVov hoc KoXauEiag. 

"Av^uttov E^ccTrara- When they would symbo- 

Ixevov foot KohaKEiag @ou- lise a man deceived by flat- 

ho(j.Evoi oyifjwvou, sXaipov tery, they represent a stag 

(JLETCX, ab\Y\T0V avfyuTTOU AND A MAN PLAYING ON A 

^uyqaQouaiv. ocutyi ya,$ pipe ; for she is caught while 



i bpfiriv, Aid. Mer. Pier. Treb. 



HORAPOLLO. 



SyfEUETat ScKovoucra Yi^sa listening to the sweet breath- 
cry^ o^ara afrovvw, cog ings of the singers as she 
jiaraHYiXE'ia&ai utto 'trig stands entranced in pleasure. 
YjOOViig. 



XCII. HOW THE PRESAGE OF A PLENTIFUL VINTAGE. 

^>0. Tlco; TTpoyvatriv Ei/Jtagmag olvov. 

Hgoyvaxriv Eutta^Trlag When they would symbo- 

olvov @QuKo(jt.Evoi (rr\(Ayvou y lise the presage of a plentiful 

ETTOTra, %ayqa(pQu<nv.EKE'i- vintage, they depict the hou- 

vog yag kav Trpo too naigov poo ; for if this bird sings 

ruv aiATTEXwv || KgaZn, [moans ?] before the season 

Evoiviav <rYifjt,atv£i. of the vines, it is a sign of a 
good vintage. 



XCIII. HOW A MAN HAVING RECEIVED INJURY FROM 
THE GRAPE. 

hy. Yicog clv9gco7rov utto <xra,(pvMg fiXaGsvTa. 

*Av8fco7rov utto crra- When they would symbo- 

tpuXyjg fixaCEvra, tea) lav- lise a man that is injured by 

tov SzqtxTTEvovTa^ $ou- the grape and cures himself, 

x6[mevoi <TY\[jiyvai f ettottcx. they depict a houpoo and 

|| Par B. Leem. insert 7ro\\a. 

1" 7repio8tvovTa, Par A. B. in margin. 



BOOK II, 143 

fyypaipouo-i, koli ctdiavTov the herb adiantum (maiden- 

tyiv @qto.vy\v. qvtoc, yaq hair) ; for when injured by the 

fihaGeit; L/7TQ (TToapuAYig, grape, if he places a piece of 

afriavrov cc7roTL§£fAEvog tig adiantum in his mouth he is 

to locvrou crro/ma, tts^io- healed. 
osusrai. 



HOW A MAN THAT GUARDS HIMSELF FROM THE 
PLOTS OF HIS ENEMIES. 




4o . Il<y£ avSgcoTTOv saurov (pu^arrovra cctto sTTi^ouXrig 



"AvQpC07TOV OC7T0 ETTlCoU- 

Xrig sx8puv stxurov <puXa,T- 
Tovra ^ouXofXEvoi crr}/j,yvai, 
yegavov yfyyogovcrav £co- 
y^atpoocnv. avrai yap 
laurdg (puXaaa-oua-t ypr\- 
yoqouaai tear op^ivov Iv 
TracrYi rrj VUKTl. 



When they would symbo- 
lise a man that guards himself 
from the plots of his enemies? 
they depict a crane on the 
watch ; for these birds guard 
themselves by watching in 
turns during the whole night. 



Thoth, who was always considered as a guardian of the 
land. 



144 HORAPOLLO. 

XCV. QUOMODO PJEDICATIONEM. 

4s. Hag 7rai$EcoLaTiav. 

Tlai^epaa-Tiav @ouXo- Psedicationem designantes, 

(Msvoi cryfwvou, duo weq- geminas perdices pingunt : j 

hxag ^aygatpouiriv. exeTvoi quse cum viduse sunt, se in- 

yag ETrav xn^ixTucnV) vicem abutuntur. 
sauroTg awrojcExgwrrat. 

XCVI. HOW AN OLD MAN DYING OF HUNGER. 

4r . Hag ysgovra vtiq Xi/aou a7ro9avovra. 

Ts^ovra u7ro Xl/aou When they would symbo- 

aTToQavovra Oshovreg 5>j- Use an old man dying of hun- 

Xcotrai, tzETov Sc.7r0KEH.afA,- ger, they delineate an eagle 

/xevov exovto. to pa/j,(pog with his beak extremely 

Zaygapoucriv. kxsivog yap hooked ; for as he grows old 

ynpaa-Huv, a7T0Ka/x7rr£- his beak becomes extremely 

rai to pa/x<pog aurov, hooked, and he dies of hun- 

xa\ ?n/j.cp aTToQvwKEi. ger. 



XCVII. HOW A MAN LIVING PERPETUALLY IN MOTION, 
AND AGITATION OF MIND. 

${?. Hug avSpwTTov as) * kv xivy)0~ei xa) §u/au hayovra. 

"AvSqwzov o\e\ ev team- When they would symbo- 
o~ei xai Su/au oiayovTa f lise a man living perpetually 
* Al. om. 






KOCl //VJT£ EV TU TgEtyECT- 

6ai y\av%aKovi:<x @ouXo- 

flEVOl (TYlfJiYIVai, HODOOVYig 

VEOccroug f £uypa<pouo~iv. 
aurn yap iTTTa/XEvn tpe<Pei 
roug VEoa-croug. 






X)K ii. 145 

in motion, and agitation of 
mind, and not even remaining 
quiet during meals, they de- 
pict THE YOUNG ONES OF A 

crow [a crow with its young] ; 
for whilst she flies she feeds 
her young. 



XCVIII. HOW A MAN SKILLED IN CELESTIAL MATTERS. 

4>7. Tlag oLvSpcottov eloora roc juetecoooc. 

"AvSpcottov Et^oTtx ia When they would symbo- 

fXETEOdooc SeKovte; (TY\(Ay- lise a man skilled in celestial 

vcxi } yspctvov iTrrafXEvov matters, they depict a crane 

£coyox(poucriv. ejceivos yap flying ; for she always flies 

ujsYihcog Travv '{marai, very high, to inspect the clouds 

ha §Ea<TnT<xt tcc vE(py, lest they send forth a storm, 

(ayi cxoa %ei|Kaf>j, 'Iva ev that she may remain in quiet. 

YI<TVXl& $1<X(J(.EVY\.X 

The Ibis denotes Thoth, who was the Egyptian inventor 
of astronomy . 

t De Pauw sug. and Treb. reads icopwvnv vtoaaolq, a crow with 
its young. 

| Treb. heec enim ita alte advolat, ut nubes videat et tangat, " for 
it flies so high that it inspects and touches the clouds." 



HO R APOLLO, 



XCIX. HOW A MAN WHO THROUGH WANT DISMISSES HIS 
OWN CHILDREN. 

W, IIwj oivSgcoTrov a7rortxia.^evov to, ttiia tehvoc til aTrogiav, i 



(AEV0V% TCfc ttiia TEKVOL til 
(ZTTO^iaV @QV\6fJLEV0l <TY][AYl- 

vai, Ispouia || kyjiVfAOva 
Zcoygctpooa-iv. ekeHvo; yag 
rmrav rpia wa, to ev 
[aovqv STTiXsysrai not rps- 
<psi, rot' til a\f\a tiuo K"ha. 

T0OT0 tie TTOlEl, tilOL TO 

xar ekeivqv rov xpovov 

TQVg QWX&$ OC7[OXKVEIV,% 

tea) evteuQev [ay\ tiuvacrQai 

T« Tgia @gE<pYI T^EtpElV. 



When they would symbo- 
lise a man who through want 
dismisses his own children, 
they portray a hawk with 
egg ; for though she lays 
three eggs, she hatches and 
brings up but one, and breaks 
the other two : and she does 
this on account of the loss of 
her claws at that season, being 
for that reason unable to 
bring up all three young ones. 



§ a7ro7reixtpdfjLsvov, Par B. and Par A. in margin. 

|| Aquilam, Treb. 

% a7ro(3dX\£iv, Par B. and Par A. in margin. Leem. 



C. HOW A MAN WHO IS TARDY IN MOVING WITH HIS 
FEET. 

P . Tlcog avQpomov okvouvtoi ryv dice tcov Troticov hivwlv 
womo-Qai, 

"AvfyttTTOV oHvovvTa When they would symbo- 

tyjv oia rcov 7ro$av nivwiv lise a man who is tardy in 

TroizioSai ^ouXo^evoi cry]- moving with his feet, they 

(jmvai Ktz/AYiXov ypa<pou- delineate a camel ; for this is 

o~iV sHsivn yap /jlqvyi roov the only animal which bends 

aXKcov Zcouv tov /j,wpqv the thigh, whence it is called 

ua/ATTTsi, oio hou h(X[xy\- KafxrjXoQ, a camel. 
Acs* Xsysrai. 



CI. HOW A MAN WHO IS IMPUDENT AND QUICK-SIGHTED. 

pa. Yloog av9poo7rov avauft kou Kara, rr)v opaaiv 6%uv. 

"AvSpcottov Stvcudv, nai When they would symbo- 
Hara rr)v ooacriv of vv Se- lise a man who is impudent 

It is a singular fact, that in a country like Egypt, where 
Camels must have been abundant, there is no known 
instance of a Camel among the existing sculptures, 
hieroglyphics, or paintings. Bonomi. 

* icdfinpoQ, Al. 



148 



HORAPOLLO. 



Xovrsg SvXcoo-ai, ficnoa- and quicksighted, they depict 

Xov yoaQovaiv. ouTog yap a frog ; for it has no blood 

al/xa ovk £X £L t £t ' (w ' £V except in the eyes alone, and 

ftovoig roTg o<p8a\/jt.o7g. they call those who have blood 

roug 3e EKEtoufjux, sxovrag, in those parts impudent : and 

ocvaufetg xahovcrtv, ho kou hence the poet sings, "Drunk- 

b HoiviTYig' OlvoQaosg, ard with eyes of dog and heart 

Kvvog ofjLfidT BxaVf noa- of stag." 
Myiv $' sXatpoio. 



CII. HOW A MAN UNABLE TO MOVE HIMSELF. 

g0. Tlcog oiv9§co7rov (m duvYjQevTa xivsTo-Qai. 

"AvQguTTov ttoXuv %%q- When they would symbo- 

vov fMY\ $uvyiQevt<z kive7o~- lise a man who for a long 

6ai f uo-TEgov tie kivyiQsvtcx time is unable to move himself 

roTg TToai, @qu\o(azvoi cm- but who afterwards moves 

(jwvou, @arpaxov exovtoc with his feet, they depict a 

roug oTTicrQlovg Tro'dag £co- frog having its hind feet; 

yoatpouaiv. EKsTvog yap for it is born without feet, but 

y swarm aTtovg, ucttepov subsequently as it grows ac- 

b*Eau2av6(jL£vo$, 7rpocrXa/x- quires its hind feet. 
Cavsi roug Q7ri<r9ioug.t 



t Par C. Aid. Mer. Pier. Gauss. Leem. — irporfpov, Al 
$ Treb. om. 



CIII. HOW A MAN HOSTILE TO ALL. 
py . Hug avBpUTTOV TTavruv EX^POV. 

"AvSpcottov TTccvTav l%- When they would symbo- 

Qpov na\ a7T£crx,oiVLcrfA£- lise a man that is hostile to, 

vov SsXovTsg <rYi(Jwvai,\ ey- and secluded from, all men, 

%sAw ZaygaQouo-iv. ainn they depict an eel ; for it is 

yap oitdev) tm lyfivw found associating with no other 



<TUVEVPKTHETai. 



fishes. 



HOW A MAN WHO SAVES MANY IN THE SEA. 



TLcog avOpavrov cra^ovra TroXKoug iv QaXacraYi. 



"AvQpojttov <ra£ovra, When they would symbo- 

7roXXoug ev StiXacrcrn §e- lise a man who saves many 

XoviEg (TYifjcnvai, vocpkwv in the sea, they depict the 

rov IxQuv Zuyptxtpouaiv. torpedo fish ; for this, when 

ai/TYi yap orav tty roug it perceives a number of fishes 

TToXkoug ruv IxQuuv fxh unable to swim, draws them 

SuvapEvoug KoXu(Al3av,o-uK- to itself and preserves them. 
"hafxQavEi 7rpog eolutyiv 

Ha) (TCU^EU 

§ (h/Xwcai, Al. 



HORAPOLLO. 



GV. HOW A MAN THAT WASTEFULLY CONSUMES BOTH 
THINGS THAT ARE REQUISITE AND THINGS THAT ARE 
NOT. 

gs. Hag avfy'COTrov, rot %%y\(riyux hcu to. oixgwTct Ktxnag 

avnXazora. 



"AvSgcoTTov ra xpncri- 
y,a uai ret axyrwitx koc- 
Kag avvXauoTtx ^ovXo/ae- 
voi c7Y\(XY\vai y 7roXv7ro$a 
Z,ay qatpovcriv. EKEivog yaq 
ttoXXoc. kou acrarag kcrSiav, 
Tra^ar lesion rrw rpotpriv 
slg rug SocXctfAag, Ktxi 
brav avaXaay to. %%v[cn- 
(xa, tote ra || ckx^ra, 
ekQixKKei. 



When they would symbo- 
lise a man that wastefully 
consumes both things that are 
requisite and useless, they 
delineate a polypus; for after 
eating much and extravagant- 
ly, it lays by food in its holes, 
and when it has consumed 
that which is useful, it then 
throws away that which is 
useless. 



CVI. HOW A MAN THE RULER OF HIS TRIBE. 

pr . Hag avQgw7rov rav bfio(pvXav K^arscravra. 

"AvSgavrov. ruv b/xopu- When they would symbo- 

Xav Hpurwavra @ou\o- lise a man the ruler of his 



Par B. Leem.- Par A. om.—icai, Al. 



(/.£ voi (TYifjivivai, napaQov tribe, they depict a crayfish 

hoi <7ro7\u7ro$a. ^uypa<pou- and a polypus; for he rules 

civ. ourog yap rovg tto- over the polypi, and holds the 

"kvirobag If xgareT, xca ra chief place among them. 

ttpcoteTcz tpspEt. 






CVII. HOW A MAN WHO IS MARRIED TO A WOMAN. 

o£ . Hag avopa cu^vy^skviot. yuvauti. 

"Avfya au^Eux^vToc When they would symbo- 

yuvauti octto ttpcotyis fai- lise a man who is married to 

mag, h y ir£%0>?-crai/,* a woman from their very in- 

@ouXo(xsvoi aY\fjur\voci, tt'iv- fancy wherein they were 

vag hyKvoug ^uyoaQoucriv. born, they depict pregnant 

alrou yao ysvva/xsvai h pinNjE ; for these when pro- 

va Koy%a y fXEta naiPov duced within the shell, after a 

Sxiyov cru&uywvTai ax- short time are joined with one 

xfaaig svdov too xoyxou. another, even within the shell. 



CV1II. HOW A MAN THAT DOES NOT PROVIDE FOR 
HIMSELF. 

pv\. Ylag av&Pco7rov /xyj TTPOvooufxsvov 'eauToi/. 

Tlarepa, f n avtya- When they would symbo- 

ttqv (W 7rcovooufXEvov lav- lise a father, or a man who 

^ De Pauw sug\ tovq Kapdj3ovg. 
* Par A. B. Leem. — IrtxO'h Al. 

f Tveb. cm. 



152 HORAPOLLO. 

rov, aXX vtto tw oIxeicov does not provide for himself, 

7roovoovfXEvov SeXovtes ay- but is provided for by his do- 

fjwvai, TTivvocv kou naoKi- mestics, they depict a pinna 

vqv Zcoygapoucnv. ourog and a crayfish ; for this 

yao o naomvog /xevei he- crayfish remains adhering to 

HoXXn/xsvog in aapm rrjg the flesh of the pinna, and is 

tt'ivvyis, kou kuXeitou ttiv- called pinnophylax (protector 

vo<puXa%, axoXouQcog rw of the pinna), and acts agree- 

ovofxari. r\ ouv nivva hoXou ably with its name. For the 

hexvvev ev tu noyx? 7r£i ~ pinna when hungry always 

vara, or ay ouv abryg ke- opens her shell, and when, 

Xyvulag TragEto-ExQri <%£y- whilst she lies gaping, any 

cfiov Ti y o 7rivvo<pu\a,% 1$(xk- little fish comes within it, the 

vei ty) %y\M Try 7rlvvav, y} pinnophylax pinches the pinna 

ds txicr^ojULEvn Ha.TafA.uEi with its claw, which when the 

rov Koyx ov > ^ ourcog pinna perceives, she closes 

KuvriyETE'iTo ix§vhov. her shell, and thus catches the 
little fish. 



C1X. HOW A MAN ADDICTED TO GLUTTONY. 

ft'. Hug av§gco7rov Xa.fj.Eiay Exovra.% 

"AvQfco7rov Xa/AEiav e- When they would symbo- 

Xovra fiouXofjEvoi <jr\fxv\- hse a man addicted to glut- 
vai, jKa^ov £ooypa<poi/cnv. tony, they delineate a char- 



| Treb. om. chap. 109. 



ourog yap fxovog rav /%- FISH ; for this is the only tish 

9uoov /xapuxarai, Koti TTccv- which ruminates, and eats all 

ra ra TrpoaTriicrovra the little fishes which fall in 

■g&J&a e<t§iei. its way. 



CX. HOW A MAN THAT VOMITS UP HIS FOOD. 

pi. Hug avQpooTrov rr\v saurou r^oQriv sixouvra. 

"AvSpcottqv i/xouvra When they would symbo- 

rriv i$iav rgotpriv, tea) ttcc- lise a man that vomits up his 

Xtv aTTT^narug E&Qiovra, food, and again eats insatia- 

@ov7<.6ijlevoi o-Yi/jyvou, ha- bhj, they depict a seaweasel; 

Xiov^yateov Zcoygapoucriv. for it brings forth through its 

ourog yap kuei /jlev foa mouth, and drinks in the seed 

rou o-TOfAccrog, vy\%oyt.Evog whilst swimming. 
$s HaraiTrmi rov yovov. 



CXI. HOW A MAN THAT HAS COMMERCE WITH PERSONS 
OF ANOTHER TRIBE. 

pia. Hug avQpomov avOpavruv \\ aXXotpuhav %cuu.evqv /xi^ei. 

"AvQpu7rov avQpcoTTcov || When they would symbo- 

XPco/j,evov fjt,i£,Ei aKhotpu- lise a man that has commerce 
Xcov fiouXojAEVQi o-vjAYivaci, with persons of another tribe , 

§ twdpov, Al. 

II Par A. C. Leem. om. 



154 HORAPOLLO. 

IMi/fouvav lyjuv geoyfa- they depict the lamprey ; 

(poiiuiv. aiiTYi yap eh §a- because it ascends out of the 

XaacTYis avaGatvoucra, roig sea, and has commerce with 

lyjtdi (AiyvuTai, xou ev- the vipers, and straightway 

Seoqs elg rr]v ^khaaaav returns to the sea. 



CXII. HOW A MAN PUNISHED FOR MURDER. 

pi0 '. Tlug av§pco7rov e7Tl <p6vco KO'htxaQsvTa. 

"Avfyomov Im <p6va When they would symbo- 

HO'hxo-Qk'vTiz, nai fA£T<xfj<,£- lise a man punished for mur- 

TwQEVTa fiouXofAEVoi <m(jaj- der and repenting, they depict 

vaif Tgvyova WEpiwETrte- a partinaca (a fish with a 

y/A.ivYiv ayjtla-Tfa &y$a~. sting in its tail,) caught on 

<pov<nv. auTYi ya§ uaraa- a hook ; for when caught it 

X^a-iXj piwTEi tyiv ev ry casts away the sting in its 

obpa oitiavQav. tail. 



cxiii. how a man that eats unsparingly of 
another's substance. 

oiy '. Hug ccvfyomov Sup'sidug xarecrQlovTa ia ahhOTPia.^ 

"Av9pu7rov a$Ei$ugxa- When they would symbo- 

tepSiovtcc tu ccXXoT^La, lise a man that eats unspar- 

f Par C. om. 



na) utTTEgov uaravnXcouo- ingly of another s substance, 

roc. ra i'dta, (3ouXo/aevoi o:nd afterwards consumes his 

ayiu,Yivai, 7roXu7ro$a <>co- own, they depict a polypus; 

yga<pov<riv. EHstvog yap f° r > ^ he be in want of food 

kav aTro^ria-rj Tgopyjg Tyjg from other things, he eats his 

avro axxuvj Tag idlag own feelers. 
7rteKTava$ eoSiei. 



CXIV. HOW A MAN THAT IS EAGER AFTER GOOD. 
ffO . Hu$ CCv9gU7rOV km KOOm OffAYtfrCCVTa. 

"Avtyamov eft) uaTsw When they would symbo- 
og/ArKTccvTcc, na) avr\ too- lise a man that is eager for 
rou nana TTEPiTTEaovTa, good, and who instead of it 
^ovXofXEvoi trYifMvai, an- falls into evil, they portray a 
Triav fyypctfpovcrcv. avTn cuttlefish; for this fish if 
yap kav ton Tiva @ou\6- it see any other longing to 
(jlevov av^nv Qnpaaai, catch it, ejects a black liquid 
from its belly into the water, 
so that by these means it is 
no longer visible, and thus 
escapes. 



TTPOiETat Eig to vocop eh 
Tvjg HOixiag to /j.sXav, 

UO~TE EH TOVTOV f/.Y]HETl 
aVTYCJ $XE7TE0-QaL, Ha) 

outco SiatpEuyEi. 



IIORAPOLLO. 



CXV. HOW A PROLIFIC MAN. 

pie. Hag av9pco7rov yoviftov. 



' AvSpttTTOV yOVlfXQV @ou- 

KofAsvoi (TYifjtyvai, arpou- 
9iov TTVpyirw * Zcoypa- 
<pouo~iv. ovrog yap utto 
opyrjg a/j.ETpou f km tto- 
Kuo-TTsp/xiag ox><>ovpt,EVog ? 
BTrrcxHig [xiyvurai rrj Qv- 
\Eia, sv ixia. copa f aOpoug 
crTTEP/xoavoov. 



When they would symbo- 
lise a prolific man, they de- 
pict the house-sparrow ; hie 
enim immodica ira et copia 
seminis ductus septies in hora 
foeminam init copiosum semen 
effutiens. 



how a man that is constant, and uniformly 
tempered. 

piT -. Hug OtvQpCOTTOV aUV0%Ea Kai EVCOTIKOV. 



"AvSpOOTTQV <TUV0X£OL 

XtXl EVUTIKQV fiouhO/XEVOl 

awfjunvai, Xupccv £ooypa- 
tyovenv. airy] yap ctuve- 
XEiav (pv'haTTEi rav Ictioov 
tipou/xarcov.f 



When they would symbo- 
lise a man that is constant, 
and uniformly tempered, they 
depict a lyre ; for it preserves 
the continuity of its notes. 



* Pur A. B. C. Treb. Aid. Mer. Causs. — 7rvpiTi)v, Al. 

t icpovaii&rojv, Al. 



157 



CXVlI. HOW A MAN PREVIOUSLY DERANGED IN HIS 
INTELLECTS, BUT AFTERWARDS BECOMING SANE. 

toi£ Hug olvOpcottov 7raKai [aev a,7T0TTavTa tuv idiuv vor\- 
(xcctcoVj ucttepov o'e ysyovora Trjg lavro'v ippovviJEcog. 

"AvQpco7tov na^ai ph When they would symbo- 

curco-ravTa tuv Idiav von- Hse a man previously de- 

/aoltcov, ikttepov <$£ rng ranged in his intellects, but 

eauTou yey ovotcc tyoovn- afterwards becoming sane, 

o-Eug, xau ra%iv ETrayx- and bringing a degree of re- 

yovra rn laurou £con @ov- gularity into his life, they 

hofAEVoi o-Yifxnvai, aupiyya depict a syrinx; for it is 

ypatpovaiv. aurn yccp soothing, and calls to remern- 

ETTio-rpETTTiKn sctti, kou brance things that have been 

itva/AVYio-Tixvi rav xarcc- pleasurably done ; and it pro- 

Sufuag TTETTPay/xsvav au- duces a very regulated sound. 
ru, xati /xaMcncc TErocy- 
/jlevov EHTEXoL/o-a (p9cyyov. 



HORAPOLLO. 



C XVIII. HOW A MAN WHO DISTRIBUTES JUSTICE 
IMPARTIALLY TO ALL. 




gty. Ucog avQgcoTTov t<rco<; Traai to friHcuov aTTOVEfMovra.. 

"AvQgcoTTov tews 7ra<ri When they would symbo- 

ro d'maiov ScTrov'sfMovja lise a man who distributes 

$ou7iOfAEvoi<Tvi(A,rivai f (rT^ov' justice impartially to all, 

OoHizfjLYitov TTTsqov yga- they depict the feather of 

(povcri. tovto yap to ^uqv an ostrich ; for this bird has 

TravTaxoQsv i<ra 'i%zi ra the feathers of its wings equal 

TTTEpuyco/juzra Tra^a J on every side, beyond all other 

tuv aTdwv. birds. 



Tme, the goddess of Justice; the Themis of the Greeks. 
Justice is denoted by the ostrich's feather ; with which 
the head of the goddess is ornamented. 

| Par A. B. Leem. insert ra. 



CXIX. HOW A MAN THAT IS FOND OF BUILDING. 



pj$'. Hug avSpuTTGV £>jAofcT;W^v.§ 

"Avdgamov <pitoKTi<TTYiv% When they would symbo- 

(3ouh6/x£voi crwfjwvai, x £ ^ a nse a man that is fond of 

avfyumouypaQouo-iv.auTYi building, they delineate a 

yag ttoisi ttuvtcc t<x man's hand ; for it performs 

fiTia-/xara.\\ all works. 

A Hand signifies a hand, also the letters T, Th, or Z>. 

§ Treb. laboriosum. 
|| Treb opera. 



^ £l^a.7roXhavog NsiXooou h^oyXv^iKuv nreXog. 



THE END OF THE HIEROGLYPHICS OF IIORAPOLLO NILOUS. 



APPENDIX. 



EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 

The Frontispiece is a Ptolemaic doorway, 
with the supreme god, Ammon, upon its piers, 
holding in one hand the staff of power, and in the 
other the emblem of life. The sacred symbol of 
the Winged Globe and Serpent is upon the archi- 
trave : and a continuous row of serpents forms an 
attic above the cornice. The symbol in the centre 
signifies " Hieroglyphics." 



APFENDIX. 



PLATE I. 



Fig. I. is a representation of the god Atmou 
surrounded by a serpent with his tail in his mouth, 
and is given by Dr. Leemans in illustration of book 
I. chapter 2. 

II. Is an illustration of the same chapter; it 
occurs on a sarcophagus in the British Museum. 

III. Is from a scarab seal in the possession of 
J. Millingen, Esq. It is a representation of Netpe 
holding two palm branches indicative of the year, 
and seems to imply that the calendar was reformed 
by Thothmos III. whose signet occupies the upper 
half. See chapter 12. 

IV. A lamp or pot of fire, signifies the letter B, 
and may be an illustration of chapter 22. 

V. This has not unfrequently been considered 
an illustration of book I. chapter 43 ; but is ex- 
tremely doubtful. 




\^~ CM- 



n 






=j>s 



*V^- 



■CM 



APPENDIX. 



PLATE II. 



This plate, sketched by Mr. Bonomi, from a tomb 
in Thebes, represents a judgment scene in which, 
as explained by Champollion, different souls are 
ascending the steps to judgment by Osiris. The 
soul of a glutton last condemned is departing in 
the boat in the form of a swine. See book II. 
chapter 37 : and for the inverted stags' heads, 
which seem to have some connection with eternity, 
see book I. chapter 69, and book II. chapter 
21. A similar judgment scene appears upon the 
sarcophagus from Belzoni's tomb in Sir J. Soame's 
museum. 



PLATE III. 



It is evident that in the chapters, 37, 38, 39, 40, 
41, and 42, of the first Book, Horapollo must have 
had in view one of the ceremonial processions of 
the Egyptian priests. 

The plate, a copy of a basso relievo of Roman 
date, given in Bartoli's Admiranda, represents a 
similar procession. The following passage from 
Clemens of Alexandria throws considerably more 
light upon the subject: 



Msrlaai yap olxeiav 
riva Qi'Koo-Qtpia.v AlyuTT- 

TlQl. OCVTIHCC T0UT0 EfX- 

<palv£i (jcaXLO-Tx y) iego- 
TTgETTYis auruv §%Y)Cntzia' 
TT^coiog (jl\v yaq Trgosp- 
Xerai o a>$og 9 EV Tl TCOV 



The Egyptians possess a 
certain native philosophy of 
their own, and this their sacred 
ceremonies principally shew. 
For first proceeds a Sinyer 
bearing some of the symbols 
of music : and they say that 
-tyis [Aovo-iKYis sTrKpspofxevog his duty is to be versed in the 
o-u/x£6\av. toutov (pacri two books of Hermes, one of 
too /3/£ao<£ avEiXovtpk'vcci which contains the hymns of 
te eh tcov 'Ef/Aou uv the gods, and the other pre- 
SocTEfov ph, ufjivoug wEft- cepts for the regulation of the 
£%£i Ssav' itt\oyio-(A.Qv & king's life. After the singer 
Qaai'hiKQu @iov to fours- comes the Horoscopus holding 



APPENDIX. 



oov ftsra tie tov ao*bv 9 b in his hand a clock and a 
copoo-xo7rog, upoxoyiov te palm branch, the symbols of 
[Asra xE?ga xou (polvixa astrology. His duty is con- 
acrTPohoyiocg i%u>v crv/u- stantly to retain in memory 
GoXa, TTpoa-uo-iv. tovtov the astrological books of 
roc acrTPoXoyov/Atva ruv Hermes, which are four in 
'Eo/xou QiQxlw, rso-o-ccpa number : of these one treats 
ovrra tov aPi8/j.ov, as) of the disposition of the ap- 
hoc crofiarog s%eiv x?*' patently fixed stars, another 
of the conjunctions and illu- 
minations of the sun and 
moon, and the remaining ones 
of their rising. After him 
proceeds the sacred Scribe, 
having wings upon his head, 
and in his hands a book and 
rule containing ink and the 
reed with which they write. 
His duty is to be acquainted 
with what are called hiero- 
te y%a<pix6v fAEhosv, xou glyphics, relating to cosmo- 
o-xoIvosyi yptztpouo-i.TOi/- graphy, geography, the po- 
rcv t« ts hpoytopixa sitions of the sun and moon, 
the five planets, the topogra- 
phy of Egypt, the Nile, and 
its adjacent shores; comprising 
also a description of the at- 
7tep) ruv ttevte Tr'ka.vo) jus- ^ re °f tne priests, and of the 
vuv x u p°y? a( P'av T* t*$ places set apart for them, and 



cov to [xev sari 7Tepi tov 
oia,k6(T[jL0v tuv a.7TXavuv 
(paivofAEvcov arrow' ro o% 
ttepl tuv crvvoo^cov xou cpco- 
Ticrfxcov yiXlou xou asXrivrig' 

TO OS XOlTTOVj 7TEPI TUV 

avocTohuv. s^rjg $e o Iepo- 
yoafiftaTsts 7TP0EpxETou, 

EX UV TTTEPOC E7r\ TJ?£ 

XEfiaXrjg, QiQhiov te ev 
X£p<? 1 xou xocvova, ev uj to 



xaXou/xEvaj ttepi te tyjs 
xoo-(Aoypoc<p[ot$, xou ysco- 
ypcztpiccg, Trig Ta^scog too 

YI?\10U XOU TYJg (TEXyVYlS) xou 



APPENDIX. 



Aiyi/7TT0U, HCXt TYJS TQU 

NstXou diayqaQYig, ttech 
te Trj$KotTayga(pYis (Theuyis 
ruv tsguv, hoc) rav octpttpco- 
fXEVcov avroig xuplw. Trspi 
T£ /aetpoov next tcov sv ro7g 



concerning the measures and 
other matters appertaining to 
the priests. After the pre- 
ceding, follows the Stolistes 
(the Master of the Robes,) 
holding the rod of justice and 
i spots xprY\<ri{ji,w, elctsvai the chalice. His duty is to 
X$*' sTTEira o crroXto-TYis De versed in all things relating 
to education, and the rites 
called " the sacrifice of the 
calf." Ten of these [books] 
relate to the worship of their 
gods and the Egyptian re- 
ligion, viz. such as concern 
the sacrifices, first fruits, 
hymns, prayers, processions, 
festivals, and the like. Last 
of all comes the Prophet 
openly carrying in his bosom 
the waterpot : and he is 
followed by the supervisors 
of the exportation of bread. 
His duty as president of the 
temple is to be conversant 
with the ten books called 
hieratic. These contain all 
things relating to the laws 
and the gods, and the entire 
ordinances respecting sacred 



T01S 7Tp0Sip0U[XSV0lS SKETCH, 
E%0)V TOV TE TYJS $ik<xioo-uz 
VY\S TTYIXWy HC " TO 0"7TQV- 

oeTov. ouros i a, 7T cursor tncx, 
ttocvtoc hoc) f*ocrxocr<pocyi- 

CTTlfCCZ HCZXOUfAEVCZ' O^'eHOC 
OS ECTTl TCt Els TYjV TlfAY)V 

avwovTcz tuv Trac? auroi$ 
Secov, next ty\v AiyvTTTtav 

EV<JsQstOCV 7TSCHEX0VTCX. 

01 OV 7TEp) hvfJLCXTW, CX7T<Xp- 
XUV, UfAVCQV, EUXUV) WO/X- 
TTUVj EOPTUV, HOCt TCOV T0U~ 
TOtS O/X0iC0V. ETTt TTOCCTt 0*£ 
7T^0(py\TYiS E<ZS10~1, TTpO- 
(paVES TO vSpStOV kyHEHOX- 
7TlCrfJLSV0S' W E7T0VTCU Ot 
TYjV SHTTE^tV TUV OCPTOOV 

@oco~toc£ovtes, outos, as 
av ttooo-tcxtws TOV tEPOV, 

TCX IsPOCTtHOC HOC7\QV(JC£VOC 



APPENDIX. 



dsxa $iQxla EKfjuzvSavEi. matters. For among the 
TTEgiExei Se W£f i te vo/xcov Egyptians the prophet pre- 
sides over the distribution of 
the revenue ; hence there are 
forty-two books of Hermes 
which are absolutely necessary. 
Of these, thirty-six, containing 
all the philosophy of the 
Egyptians, are learned by the 
above-mentioned officers: the 
remaining six, relating to me- 
dicine and the constitution of 
the body, and to its diseases 
and organs, and to pharmacy 
and the eyes, and lastly to 
woman, are learned by the 
pastophori. — Clemens. Strom. 
VI. 633. 



xai Seuv, kou r?jg oMg 
7raiOEiag rav Ie^ecov' o 
ya% nroi TrgotpYiTyg ttoc^oc 
roTg AiyvTrrioiSj fcai Tr\g 
diavo/xrig toJv TT^ocro^cov 

£7Tl(7T!ZT7)g ECTTIV. 0^00 

IXEV ovv nai TEcraa^ccHovra 
al Travv avayxaiai ru 
'E^ji ysy ovari @iQ\oi* 
uv rag //.h \o~r , ty\v Troi- 
aocv AiyUTTTtOW TTEpisxov- 
crag (piXocrotplav, ol tt^o- 

Elgn/AEVOl EHfjUXV^OtVOUCl" 

rag os XoiTrag If, ol 7rao~- 
rocpopoi, larpucag oucrag y 

7TE%1 T£ TYJg TOU CTU^aTOg 

xarao-KEuyjg, xai wspi 
voo-uv, Ka\ Trsfi opyavWf 
nai (pa^/j,aHd)Vj na) ttepi 
6<p$a?i{/,uv, na) to teXeu- 
raTov TTEgi twv yuvai- 



APPENDIX. 



The following passages from Clemens of Alex- 
andria and Porphyry are illustrative of the differ- 
ent kinds of writing anciently practised in Egypt. 
The passage of Clemens is found to be strictly in 
accordance with the result of modern discoveries, 
which have brought to light the Enchorial, Hie- 
ratic, and Hieroglyphic inscriptions, and the dif- 
ferent species of Hieroglyphics. 



FROM CLEMENS. 



Autikcc ol Traq At- 
yuTnloig 7rai^Eu6fX£V0i f 

TTgUTOV (MEV TTaVTtoV Ty)v 

Alyv7rriuv ypa^/xaTcov 
fAsS-odov sKfAavSavovo-L, Ty)v 

ETTlCTTOXoygatplKYiV H<XX0U- 
(AEVYlV $EUTE%<XV 0% TY)V 
lEgOLTDCYIV, fl XgUVTOU 01 

h^oypafji,//.(XTEi$' uo-Ta- 
tyjv tie Ktxi TEteuralav, 

TYIV 'lEpOyKuQutYlV' h$ Yl 
(/.SV ECTTl Oia TWV 7T(>toT0)V 

o~toix,£ici)v xugiohoyuiYi' Yl 
b*Ej o-u/aGoXiky)' tyi$ $e aufx- 
GoXucYJg yi fjthj xugioXoyE'i- 
tcu naroi fjLif/,Yicnv' yi oe, 



Now those who are in- 
structed by the Egyptians, 
first of all learn that system 
of Egyptian writing, which is 
called the epistolographic 
[or enchorial] ; secondly, the 
hieratic, which is used by 
the sacred scribes ; thirdly and 
lastly, the hieroglyphic Of 
this [last] one kind expresses 
its own meaning by the Jirst 
elements [alphabetically] ; 
but the other kind is sym- 
bolical. Of the symbolical, 
one sort directly conveys 
its meaning by imitation; 



APPENDIX. 



rai. r\ os f avriH^vg aXXri- 
yopsirou xaroc Tivag ou- 
viy/^oug. "Hajov yovv y^cc- 

■fyai $0U\Q[AEVQI, HVJiXOV 

Troiovai' Xe&rivw/dEyO'xrifJi.iz 

fAYivosLoeg, Kara ro uvpio- 
Koyou/xEvov slhog' T^otti- 
HCOg ($E f H.CVT oiksiotyitoc, 
[AETOCyOVTEg HCCl [AETtXTl- 
§EVTEg' TO. $\ E^aKKtXT- 

rovTEg' ra b% 7 7roXka%ug 
(XE'Tcx.a-%y\yi.a r c[^QVTEg, %tx- 
gaTTOucriv. Tovg yovv rcov 
^acriXEav Eiraivovg SeoXo- 
yov[jt.EVoig /xvSoig Trapah- 
hovTEg, avotyoatpovo-i ha. 
tuv avay7\v<pav' Toil he 
juxtol rovg odviyiAOug, t^i- 
tou Eidoug, o^ELy/xoc eo-tco 
roh. t« fxsv ya% rcov aX- 
Koov acrrpooVj ha. ryv tto- 
.^Eiav tyiv Xo%riv, b'tpEav 

CTOOfACCO-lV aTTElKtX^OV. TOV 
b*s "HXlOV, TW TOO K(XV§a- 
DOV' E7TEL$Y\ KUXXOTEgEg EH. 

Trig @OEiag bvSou crxyj/ucc 
TrXaccifXEVog, Scvtittooctoo- 
7rog HuXivhi. <paa\ hk u,ai 



another sort is written as it 
were metaphorically; while 
the remaining sort speaks 
allegorically as it were by 
means of senigmas. Thus, 
[Imitatively,] when they would 
indicate the Sun they make a 
circle, and the moon, a cres- 
cent by a form which conveys 
its own signification. But Me- 
taphorically, they adopt some 
appropriate turn or transfer in 
their engravings,simply chang- 
ing some things, but multifa- 
riously transforming others : 
thus in expressing the praises 
of their kings they invest them 
with the mythological attri- 
butes of the gods, by a 
transfer of their symbols. But 
of the third form, the Enig- 
matical, let this serve as an 
example : some of the stars, 
on account of the obliquity of 
their courses they portray by 
the bodies of Serpents ; but 
the Sun by that of a Beetle, 
because it forms a globe of 
cow-dung, rolling it with its 






APPENDIX. 171 

k^ocfxYwov [xh utto yyjg' face averted : they say also that 
Bars^ov $e rov sroug r/myj- this creature lives six months 
/xoiy to £uov touto uTTsp under ground, but the other 
yrjg hairacrSai' crTTE^fxat- portion of the year above 
veiv ts slg TYiv<r(pa7fav f Ka) ground ; that it propagates by 
ysvvav kou SyXuv KavSa- vivifying the beforementioned 
pov [ay] ytW&u. globe ; and that no female 

beetle is ever born. — Strom. 

V. 555. 



FROM PORPHYRY. 



K«i EV AlyVTTTCO (AEV 

roig hpsvcri <JUVY\v y xai 

TY}V CTOCpiaV £%£{/.a§£ HOCi 
TYIV AlyUTTTlM <p0OVYlV 

yoaf/.f/.arav $1 r^iaaag 
dtapogag, i7ri<rro^oy^a- 
(piKcov T£, Kai hpoyXutpi- 
koov, kou o-u{a£oXikcqv. tuv 
[jlev KQivohoyovfAsvuv Kara, 
/y,i/j.wcriv f ruv OE aXhyiyo- 
poufXEvav Kara rivag al- 
vr/fxovg. 



Pythagoras travelled also 
among the Egyptians ; and 
in Egypt he lived with the 
priests, and learned from them 
the wisdom and language of 
the Egyptians, and the three 
kinds of writing, viz. the epis- 
tolographic, the hieroglyphic, 
and the symbolic, the one 
conveying its meaning directly 
by imitation, the other alle- 
gorically, by means of senig- 
mas. Be Vit. Pyth. p. 8. 



INDEX 

OF THE ABBREVIATIONS USED, AND EDITIONS 
REFERRED TO. 

Al.— Alii. 

Aid. — Aldine edition of* Horapollo, 1505. 
Anc. Fr. — Ancient Fragments, by I. P. Cory. 
Arist. — Aristotle de Generatione et Corruptione. 
Aug-. — Augustine MS. quoted by De Pauw. 
Bartoli. — Barton's Admiranda. 
Boch. — Bochart's Hierozoicon. 
Causs. — Caussin's Horapollo, 1631. 

Champ. — Champollion's Pantheon, Precis, and Letters to Dacier. 
Clem. — Clemens Alexandrinus' Stromata. 
De Pauw, 1727. 

Eusebius. — Prreparatio Evangelica. 
F.— A French Translation of Horapollo, 1574. 
Haesch. — Haeschel's Horapollo, 1595. 
Jab. — Jablonski's Pantheon iEgyptiorum, and Glossarium. 
Kirch. — Kircher's Obeliscus Pamphilius. 
Klap. — Klaproth's Epistola ad Goulianoff. 
Leem. — Leemans' Horapollo, 1837. 
Mat. Hier. — Wilkinson's Materia Hieroglyphica. 
Mer. — Mercer's Horapollo, 1548 and 1551. 
Mor. — A MS. given by Morell to Mercer, and quoted by him. 
Om. — Omit. 

Par. A. B. C. — Three manuscripts in the library of the King of 
France, referred to by Leemans. 



174 INDEX. 

Par. Reg. — A manuscript in the library of the King of France. 
Pier. — Pierius' Hieroglyphics, 1614 — 1626. 
Plut. — Plutarch's Isis and Osiris. 

Sh. — Sharpe's Vocabulary of Hieroglyphics, and Egyptian In- 
scriptions. 
Salm. — Salmasius' Lexicon. 
Tat. — Tattam's Coptic Lexicon. 

Treb. —A Latin translation of Horapollo by Trebatius, 1515. 
Vat.— The Vatican manuscript of Horapollo. 



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